臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究乃針對成功水庫原水進行預氧化並搭配傳統混凝(pH7.0、pH5.5)及加強混凝在不同氧化條件(氧化時間、氧化劑劑量)下討論二氧化氯對有機物去除、混凝成效及消毒副產物生成情形。
以原水而言，添加二氧化氯做為前氧化劑對DOC及A254去除效果未見提升，反而混凝條件改變對有機物去除成效大於二氧化氯所提供之功效。其優勢為傳統混凝pH5.5 >加強混凝pH6.3 >傳統混凝pH7.0。預氧化均可將大分子有機物(0.45μm~10K)氧化成小分子有機物(<1K)，另由螢光強度分析顯示所去除之大分子有機物主要為腐植酸。由界達電位變化可推判二氧化氯之功效在於提供助凝效果以降低三鹵甲烷生成潛能，並可在較低pH操作下大幅減少ClO2-及ClO3-之生成量。
以親水性原水而言，二氧化氯對親水性有機物反應性低導致DOC及A254去除效果不佳。除此之外，對於分子量分佈二氧化氯幾無改變之功效，且THMFP/DOC並未隨ClO2劑量增加而有所降低，但預氧化及混凝程序之搭配皆可使ClO2-及ClO3-之生成量降低。
由於成功水庫溴離子濃度高，無論是原水及親水性原水皆是含溴物種三鹵甲烷形成潛勢較高。

The objective of this research was to characterize the effects of chlorine dioxide on organic matter removal, coagulation/sedimentation efficiency, and disinfection by-products (DBP) formation in raw water from the Cheng-Kong reservoir. The tests were processed under the coagulation with the condition of pH=5.5 and 7.0 or the enhance coagulation combined the pre-oxidation by chlorine dioxide with different dosage and reaction time.
The removal of DOC and A254 are insignificantly enhanced in raw waters with the addition of chlorine dioxide as the pre-oxidation. The results showed that changing coagulation conditions provides greater removal efficiency of organic matters than adding chlorine dioxide. The organic matter removal efficiencies of various processes set are listed in descending order: traditional coagulation at pH 5.5 > enhanced coagulation at pH 6.3 > traditional coagulation at pH 7.0. The chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation is able to breakdown large molecules (0.45μm ~10 K) into small molecules (< 1K). From the fluorescence intensity measurements, it is indicated that the most of oxidized large molecules is the humic acid. According to the Zeta potential measurement, the chlorine dioxide is play as the coagulant aid to decrease the amount of THMFP and the formation of ClO2- and ClO3- with the low pH condition.
For the raw water with the hydrophilic organic matter only, because of the low reactivity between chlorine dioxide and hydrophilic organic compounds, an insignificant DOC and A254 removal is found. Furthermore, chlorine dioxide is not able to alter the molecular weight distribution of organic matter and THMFP/DOC are decrease with dosage. However, the decreasing of ClO2- and ClO3- formation is also found in the process of ClO2 pre-oxidation with combination of coagulation.
Because of the high content of bromide in the water of the Cheng-Kong reservoir, all of the bromine species of THMFP is significantly measured.

目錄
誌謝 I
摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 二氧化氯之基本特性及在飲用水上之應用 3
2.1.1二氧化氯之物化性質 3
2.1.2無機消毒副產物對人體健康影響 5
2.1.3 無機消毒副產物控制策略 6
2.1.4 二氧化氯對有機物去除機制 7
2.1.5 二氧化氯在飲用水上之應用 8
2.2 水體中有機物來源 10
2.2.1 天然有機物之來源及影響 10
2.2.2 腐植質之特性 11
2.2.3 去除有機物之方式 14
2.2.4 成功水庫有機物分佈情形 16
2.2.5 溴離子存在對消毒副產物生成之影響 18
2.3 混凝作用 20
2.3.1傳統混凝 20
2.3.2加強混凝 21
第三章 研究方法 24
3.1研究內容 25
3.1.1二氧化氯預氧化原水對有機物及混凝成效之影響 25
3.1.2二氧化氯預氧化對親水性有機物去除之試驗 27
第四章 結果與討論 37
4.1二氧化氯預氧化對成功水庫原水混凝成效之影響 37
4.1.1 混凝劑劑量決定 37
4.1.2成功水庫原水水質特性 37
4.1.3不同氧化條件及混凝型態對有機物影響之探討 40
4.1.4不同氧化條件及混凝型態對混凝成效影響之探討 56
4.1.5不同氧化條件及混凝型態對消毒副產物生成影響之探討 71
4.2二氧化氯預氧化對親水性原水混凝成效之影響 86
4.2.1 不同氧化條件及混凝型態對有機物影響之探討 86
4.2.2不同氧化條件及混凝型態對消毒副產物生成影響之探討 92
第五章 結論及建議 100
5.1 結論 100
5.2建議 101
參考文獻 102

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