臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

植物遭受重金屬逆境時，會產生一些生理生化及型態上的反應以求生存。本實驗利用百日草（Zinnia elegans）為材料，在鎘處理下，葉片中鎘的累積量隨鎘處理濃度增高而增加；植株的乾重則隨鎘處理濃度增高而減低。鎘處理的劑量反應顯示，在60 mM附近當具一臨界濃度。水耕溶液中的鎘離子會影響其他離子的吸收。以感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜分析（ICP-AES）檢測其他離子含量變化的結果顯示10 mM鎘處理下百日草根部錳離子含量下降為∼20%，鋅離子含量則下降為∼80%。鎘主要累積在根部、其次是莖，老葉累積最少。另外，HPLC圖譜顯示木質部溢流液中，胺基酸的含量隨鎘處理的濃度增高而減少。同時木質部溢流液中大部分有機酸隨鎘處理而下降，然而蘋果酸在10 mM鎘處理時，其含量卻增加為對照組的1.6 ~ 1.8倍左右。而莖部的茸毛細胞內因鎘處理出現glutathione，葉片則有葉脈間黃化的病徵。檢測葉片中各種色素組成及含量時，發現在45 mM鎘處理下其組成無明顯變化，其中主要色素如葉綠素a, b、葉黃素及胡蘿蔔素含量減少為約80%。

Plants of Zinnia elegans had some morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in response to the cadmium stress. The dry weights of whole plants were decreased as the cadmium concentrations were increased and it showed a critical concentration at 60 mM. The absorbed cadmium in plants was accumulated mainly in roots, followed by stems, young leaves and old leaves. Chlorosis between small veins was observed in young leaves of cadmium- affected plants. HPLC profiles of pigments in chlorotic leaves showed that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, luetin and b-carotene were declined to about 80% in 45 mM cadmium-treated plants. Cadmium in plants also affected the absorption of the other cations like manganese and zinc. The amino acids and organic acids of the HPLC profiles for xylem sap of the cadmium- treated plant were diminished, but only malic acid went up 1.6-1.8 folds. Glutathione was found by MCB conjugation in trichome cells of stem under fluorescence microscopy.

目錄
目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
圖目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- v
壹、前言 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
貳、材料與方法 -------------------------------------------------------------- 5
一、材料 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
（一）植物栽培 -------------------------------------------------------- 5
（二）重金屬處理 ----------------------------------------------------- 5
（三）木質部溢流液的收集 ----------------------------------------- 6
二、方法 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
（一）植物組織硝化 -------------------------------------------------- 7
（二）外加有機酸對鎘累積量的影響 ----------------------------- 7
（三）根部分泌有機酸的檢定 -------------------------------------- 8
（四）SCX（Merck LiChrolut®）固相管柱活化 --------------- 8
（五）鎘離子及其他金屬離子定量 -------------------------------- 8
1. 原子吸收光譜分析 ------------------------------------------- 8
2. 感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜分析（inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, ICP-AES） --------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
（六）溢流液前處理 -------------------------------------------------- 9
（七）HPLC分析 ----------------------------------------------------- 9
1. 胺基酸分析 --------------------------------------------------- 10
2. 有機酸分析 --------------------------------------------------- 12
3. 葉綠素分析 --------------------------------------------------- 14
（八）莖部茸毛細胞內glutathione（GSH）之檢定 --------- 15
參、結果 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
一、劑量反應 ------------------------------------------------------------- 18
（一）乾重變化 ------------------------------------------------------- 18
（二）葉部鎘累積量的變化 ---------------------------------------- 18
二、根部分泌有機酸的測定 ------------------------------------------- 18
（一）外加有機酸對鎘累積量的影響 ---------------------------- 18
（二）根部分泌有機酸的檢定 ------------------------------------- 19
三、鎘離子影響其他離子的分佈 ------------------------------------- 19
四、木質部溢流液的組成 ---------------------------------------------- 19
（一）胺基酸組成的變化 ------------------------------------------- 19
（二）有機酸組成的變化 ------------------------------------------- 20
五、莖部表面茸毛細胞內glutathione之檢視 --------------------- 20
六、鎘離子的分佈 ------------------------------------------------------- 21
七、葉片病徵及色素含量變化 ---------------------------------------- 21
肆、討論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 37
伍、參考文獻 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 41
附錄一--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
附錄二--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
附錄三--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
圖目錄
圖一、鎘處理對百日草乾重的影響。--------------------------------------22
圖二、鎘處理對葉片鎘含量之影響。--------------------------------------23
圖三、外加有機酸對植株鎘累積量的影響。-----------------------------24
圖四、根部分泌有機酸之HPLC圖譜。----------------------------------25
圖五、鎘離子影響其他相關離子之吸收。--------------------------------26
圖六、DABSYL衍生胺基酸標準樣品之HPLC圖譜。----------------27
圖七、木質部溢流液胺基酸之HPLC分析圖譜。-----------------------28
圖八、鎘處理下木質部溢流液中胺基酸含量之變化。-----------------29
圖九、木質部溢流液有機酸之HPLC分析圖譜。-----------------------30
圖十、不同濃度鎘處理下木質部溢流液中有機酸含量之變化。-----31
圖十一、莖部茸毛細胞中glutathione之檢定。-------------------------32
圖十二、鎘離子在植株各組織之分佈。-----------------------------------33
圖十三、第四對葉片之病徵。-----------------------------------------------34
圖十四、第四對葉片之色素HPLC分析圖譜。--------------------------35
圖十五、鎘處理對葉片主要色素含量之影響。--------------------------36

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