臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
文獻中對於額葉受損與暴力行為的關聯性探討已經超過五十年，額葉體積約佔大腦的三分之一，主要掌握高級認知功能並調控複雜行為的活動。文獻發現額葉在暴力行為中扮演重要的角色，本研究採用Go/Nogo作業，並且從行為和腦波紀錄（ERP）等實驗，來探討衝動性暴力行為與額葉控制機制之關係。
實驗一進行行為研究，實施兩種有線索的Go/Nogo作業，主要對象為衝動性暴力犯罪者及其對照組，從Go的反應時間分析發現線索和目標刺激的關係造成反應時間上的差異，顯示有線索的Go/Nogo作業可以有效引發控制機制的運作；然而並沒有發現受試者和作業變項的交互作用，顯示單由行為實驗的反應時間不足以區別兩組受試。實驗二主要建立Go/Nogo作業所引發抑制歷程的典範，故以大學生為對象，進行腦波研究，藉由ERP在時間和電極分佈的敏感性，結果在兩種有線索的Go/Nogo作業都發現ERP可以清楚的反應控制歷程，特別是當抑制機制強弱不同時，在Fz電極的負向誘發電位波N2伴隨著高低的振幅。實驗三以衝動性暴力犯罪者及其對照組為受試者，進行腦波研究，結果發現受試者和作業變項顯現交互作用，亦即發現衝動性暴力犯罪者在進行動態而即時的控制歷程時，他們的額葉神經活動和對照組有明顯的差異，這些證據呼應腦傷研究及藥物研究的證據，而且進一步提供控制機制即時運作的認知神經心理學證據。

The neurocorrelates of impulsive violent behaviors and the inhibition mechanism: An ERP study
The purpose of this study was to explore the cognitive neuropsychological mechanism of violent or aggressive behaviors. The focus was on the relationship between impulsive violent behaviors and the inhibition mechanism. In this ERP study, I used the two, cued go/nogo task to compare behavioral, as well as brain wave, responses of impulsive violent offenders and normal subjects. Differential effects on ERP amplitudes in the go versus nogo trials were interpreted as signs of inhibitory activity in the nogo trials. The purposes of this research include:
1) by using the go/nogo paradigm, to differentiate between impulsive violent offenders’ and normal subjects’ inhibition mechanism at behavioral and electrophysiological levels;
2) to clarify whether the N2 or the P3, or both, ERP components are indicators of the inhibition mechanism;
3) to apply cognitive neuropsychological methods to the crime prevention field.
I conducted three experiments with 17 violent offenders and 17-matched controls. Behavioral data from Experiment 1 shows that the go/nogo task activates the inhibition mechanism. In Experiment 2, ERP measurements clearly reflect the specifics of the inhibition mechanism. N2 is found where the electrodes are connected to the frontal lobe. This evidence confirms the role of the frontal lobe in the inhibition mechanism. Experiment 3 reveals the existence of different inhibition mechanisms supported by the frontal lobe, as response patterns differ between the impulsive violent offenders and matched controls. The results of this study confirm many findings from brain lesion and medical research.

以檢視腦波型態探討衝動性暴力行為與大腦抑制機制
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
第一節 本論文所探討的暴力或攻擊行為---------------------------------5
第二節 專有名詞解釋---------------------------------------------------------6
一、 衝動性
二、 暴力行為
三、 大腦額葉
四、 腦波
第二章 文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------------------------9
第一節 暴力或攻擊行為相關理論回顧------------------------------------9
第二節 暴力或是攻擊行為抑制的過程------------------------------------16
第三節 額葉之神經解剖及其相關功能------------------------------------24
一、 額葉之神經解剖及生理功能
二、 額葉─下皮質迴路及其受損後所造成之認知功能上的傷害
三、 小結
第四節 認知對額葉功能之探討--------------------------------------------31
第五節 腦波記錄儀簡介-----------------------------------------------------34
第六節 腦波研究在控制機制上的應用-----------------------------------36
第三章 研究目的與架構--------------------------------------------------------------39
第一節 研究目的------------------------------------------------------------39
第二節 研究假設------------------------------------------------------------39
第三節 研究設計與架構---------------------------------------------------40
第四章 研究方法---------------------------------------------------------------------44
第一節 研究對象------------------------------------------------------------44
第二節 研究材料------------------------------------------------------------45
第五章 實驗一：Go/Nogo作業之行為研究------------------------------------49
第一節 作業（一）反應時間分析---------------------------------------49
第二節 作業（二）反應時間分析---------------------------------------53
第三節 作業（一）之正確率分析---------------------------------------55
第四節 作業（二）之正確率分析---------------------------------------58
第五節 討論------------------------------------------------------------------59
第六章 Go/Nogo作業之ERP研究-----------------------------------------------60
第一節 古典Go/Nogo作業研究結果與討論--------------------------60
第二節 作業（一）研究結果與討論------------------------------------66
第三節 作業（二）研究結果與討論------------------------------------84
第七章 實驗三：實驗組與對照組在Go/Nogo作業之ERP之比較-------102
第一節 實驗組（暴力行為組）及其對照組在
古典Go/Nogo作業之研究結果與討論----------------------102
第二節 實驗組及其對照組在作業（一）之
ERP研究結果與討論-------------------------------------------105
第三節 實驗組及其對照組在作業（二）之
ERP研究結果與討論-------------------------------------------110
第八章 結論與討論----------------------------------------------------------------115
第一節 結論----------------------------------------------------------------115
第二節 討論----------------------------------------------------------------117
第三節 研究限制----------------------------------------------------------120
第四節 建議與展望-------------------------------------------------------120
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------------------122

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