臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

面對日益競爭的經營環境，供應鏈為了達成必要的服務水準，常須維持較高的存貨，以避免因缺貨而損失商機。有關存貨的控管，前置時間是影響決策的重要因素之一，實務上，公司可藉由縮短補貨的前置時間以減少安全庫存量，造成如同提高服務水準般的效果。由於前置時間是由採購、訂單處理、生產、運送、品檢入庫等相關作業的時間所組成，時間的縮短可能牽涉供應鏈上下游相關作業的改善與合作，然而目前有關前置時間與存貨決策的研究，大多是針對個別企業進行探討。因此，本研究針對單一供應商與其多買方所組成之供應鏈系統，基於供應鏈整體最適化的觀點，透過量化模式的建立與分析，探討隨機性產品需求以及不同服務水準準則下，買賣雙方存貨與前置時間決策之擬定。
研究中考慮供應商採取出貨合併策略，依一定出貨週期同時運送商品予買方，首先是修正Banerjee & Banerjee (1994)提出之隨機性需求訂其盤點存貨模式，並以兩種不同服務水準之準則建立二存貨模式，藉以探討供應商採取出貨合併下，供應商與其多位買方供應鏈協同存貨決策之特性。其後以此二模式為基礎，進一步納入前置時間為決策變數，考量階梯型趕工成本縮短供應商前置時間的情況，擬訂買賣雙方之最適存貨決策與買方之進貨前置時間。研究中並提出演算法以求得決策最適解，此外亦透過數據釋例進行參數敏感度分析，以說明模式應用之情況，並探討系統特性對於不同服務水準之準則，其前置時間、供應商與各買方的存貨決策以及系統之總成本之影響。

With the increasing competition in market, businesses usually hold large stocks in order to satisfy required service levels of customers. About control and management of inventory system, lead time is one of the important factors which may influence strategies. In fact, a company can reduce safety stock as well as increase service level via shortening the lead time of inventory replenishment. The lead time is composed of times of several operations among trading parties, such as ordering, manufacturing, delivering, and storing. Therefore, the reduction of lead time may involve with all trading parties to improve the related operations. However, most of earlier research has considered this issue as a single buyer’s decision. This thesis is to study the effect of lead time reduction on the inventory decisions for a single supplier and multiple buyers supply chain under stochastic demand and constraint service level.
The study initially focuses on a supply chain consisting of a single supplier and its multiple buyers with probabilistic demand following a normal distribution. The vendor is assumed to adopt an outbound freight consolidation policy and thus merchandises to each buyer on a common cycle. A common-cycle periodic review inventory model is proposed to determine the optimal common cycle and target levels for replenishments of all trading parties. The models revise the work of Banerjee & Banerjee (1994) by incorporating the ordering cost and a stricter solution procedures under two common service level constraints. Besides, two of the models extends the proceeding common-cycle inventory model by involving variable lead time with extra crashing cost. The optimal lead time, the common cycle and the target levels for replenishments are derived under two common service level constraints, and the application of model is further illustrated by a stair-step lead-time reduction cost function. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses are also performed for the stair-step lead-time reduction cost case, which give managerial implications of effects of parameters on the total system cost.

目錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
致謝 Ⅳ
目錄 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 Ⅷ
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 問題定義與研究目的 2
第三節 本文概述 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 存貨定義與其相關成本 6
第二節 服務水準定義及存貨模型 8
第三節 前置時間之定義與相關決策模型 11
第四節 整合存貨模式與出貨合併 14
第五節 小結 16
第三章 缺貨機率限制下單一供應商與多買方整合存貨模式 19
第一節 前言與基本假設 19
第二節 模式符號 21
第三節 模式建立與求解 22
第四節 模式應用與敏感度分析 27
第四章 缺貨機率限制下單一供應商與多買方可控前置時間與存貨決策
模式 31
第一節 前言與基本假設 31
第二節 模式符號 31
第三節 模式建立與求解 33
第四節 模式應用與敏感度分析 37
第五章 週期需求達成比例限制下單一供應商與多買方整合存貨模式 41
第一節 前言與基本假設 41
第二節 模式符號 41
第三節 模式建立與求解 42
第四節 模式應用與敏感度分析 49
第六章 週期需求達成比例下單一供應商與多買方可控前置時間與存貨
決策模式 53
第一節 前言與基本假設 53
第二節 模式符號 53
第三節 模式建立與求解 55

第四節 模式應用與敏感度分析 60
第七章 結論 64
參考文獻 66
附錄一 71
附錄二 73

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