臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣蓄水庫最常見之壩體型態為土石壩。依國外土石壩壩體破壞案例所累積之經驗，除壩頂溢流潰決破壞外，壩體滲漏亦為造成管湧破壞主要原因之一。管湧會造成壩體突然、全面之破壞，後果非常嚴重，日常需要透過滲漏量與水壓監測等數據來研判安全性。監測數據若有異常、有必要透過壩體內部問題診斷來尋求真正原因。本研究旨在透過啟發式最佳化反算分析，以土石壩滲流相關問題為例，期運用監測數據，配合數值模擬分析，找出對應異常監測數據之可能原因，目標在建構壩體異常問題診斷與詮釋之方法。本研究最佳化演算法採用和弦搜尋法，反算分析中以MATLAB作為和弦搜尋最佳化流程之主控伺服，常用之地工分析軟體FLAC則扮演計算引擎之角色。藉由相通介面資料傳遞至外部檔案方式進行兩種不同軟體間之溝通，可達到整體最佳化搜尋過程自動化之優點。本研究先藉兩座型態迥異之土石壩案例進行驗證分析，再以新山壩實際案例擬定兩種問題型態之情境，以評估本研究所研擬之和弦搜尋演算法應用於土石壩滲流問題診斷之功效，以說明此方法之可行性與有效性。

Embankment dam is the most common type of dams in Taiwan. Besides dam failure caused by overflow erosion, piping due to seepage is one of the major reason that may result in the breach of an embankment dam. Piping failure tends to take place unexpectedly and catastrophically. A proper program of monitoring for seepage and water pressure can help to reduce the chance of piping failure. When unusual monitored data occurs, an appropriate diagnosis will be essential to look for the real cause and timely solve the problem. This thesis aims to propose a diagnosis procedure by means of back analyses of earth-dam seepage problems using one of the heuristic optimization methods - the harmonic search method. This procedure incorporates the harmonic search algorithm into MATLAB as the optimization server and a commercial numerical simulation tool FLAC as the simulation engine to allow the simulated results match the monitoring data. A common data file serves as the interface communicating between MATLAB and FLAC. This work also makes use of two earth-dam seepage problems to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed diagnosis procedure.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究流程 2
1.3 論文內容 6
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 工程最佳化演算法與基本架構 7
2.2 工程最佳化問題型態與演算法 10
2.2.1 最佳化問題型態 10
2.2.2 常見最佳化演算法 12
2.2.3 最佳化演算法之優缺點 20
2.3 啟發式最佳化演算法 23
2.3.1 常見啟發式最佳化演算法 23
2.3.2 啟發式最佳化演算法應用之相關研究 35
2.4 小結 42
第三章 研究方法 43
3.1 最佳化問題型態 43
3.2 電腦輔助程式與最佳化方法選擇 46
3.2.1 MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory的簡稱) 46
3.2.2 FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) 47
3.2.3 最佳化演算法的選擇 47
3.3 最佳化流程擬定 48
3.3.1 鯉魚潭與新山土石壩之簡介與斷面選定 48
3.3.2 和弦搜尋最佳化演算流程之擬定 58
3.4 研究案例模擬之策略與規劃 65
3.4.1 驗證方案之規劃 65
3.4.2 新山壩案例研究之規劃 72
第四章 最佳化搜尋模式之驗證 78
4.1 鯉魚潭壩案例驗證之結果 80
4.2 新山壩案例驗證之結果 84
4.3 小結 92
第五章 和弦搜尋法反算 - 新山壩案例 95
5.1 情境1反算分析結果 97
5.2 情境2反算分析結果 105
5.3 結果與討論 113
5.4 新山壩案例現況之綜合探討 115
5.5 和弦搜尋最佳化法探討新山壩案例 128
5.5.1 三種水平濾層透水性分布假設狀況 129
5.5.2 三種透水性分布型態之最佳化求解結果 138
5.5.3 小結 155
第六章 結論與建議 156
6.1 結論 156
6.2 建議 159
參考文獻 162

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