臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗以氣相層析、液相層析及毛細管電泳三種分離方法進行研究，實驗分析物為九種色胺類衍生物 (α-methyltryptamine, AMT；
N,N-dimethyltryptamine, DMT；5-methoxy-α-methyltryptamine, 5-MeO-AMT；N,N-diethyltryptamine, DET；
N,N-dipropyltryptamine, DPT；N,N-dibutyltryptamine, DBT；N,N-diisopropyltryptamine, DIPT；
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-MeO-DMT；
5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine, 5-MeO-DIPT)。這九種分析物被選作測試樣品，是爲了用來比較它們相對的偵測靈敏度、選擇性、分離所需時間、分離所需成本與分離時先後出現的順序等。
實驗結果發現，當S/N = 3時，氣相層析質譜法與液相層析/紫外光吸收法得到的偵測極限分別為0.5 ~ 15與0.3 ~1 μg/mL。相對於這兩種方法，使用毛細管區帶電泳/紫外光吸收法時，偵測極限可改善至0.4 ~ 1 μg/mL。當引用線上掃集-微胞電動的技術時，偵測極限甚至於還可大幅改善至2 ~ 8 ng/mL。
至於分離九種色胺類衍生物所需的時間，使用氣相層析法時，分離時間為11 ~ 15分鐘；使用液相層析法時，分離時間為8 ~ 23分鐘；使用線上掃集-微胞電動技術則需要20 ~ 26分鐘。分析物出現的先後順序基本上依據其分子量的大小，例如DMT最先出現，然後才是DET和DPT，最後才是DBT。但是，當分析物為一級胺 (例如AMT與5-MeO-AMT )、同分異構物 (DIPT與DPT) 或有5-甲醚基的官能基(例如5-MeO-AMT、5-MeO-DMT或
5-MeO-DIPT) 時，分離條件改變時，順序也會略有變動。

Nine tryptamines, including α-methyltryptamine (AMT),
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-α-methyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT), N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET),
N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT), N,N-dibutyltryptamine (DBT), N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT),
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and
5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) were selected as model compounds.
Comparisons of their sensitivity, selectivity, time, cost and the order of migration are described based on different separation techniques (GC,HPLC and CE, respectively). As a result, the limit of detection (S/N = 3) obtained by GC/MS and LC/UV-absorption ranged from 0.5 to 15 μg/mL
and 0.3 to 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast to this, based on the CZE/UV-absorption method, the limit of detection (S/N = 3) was determined to 0.4–1 μg/mL. However, when the sweeping-MEKC mode was applied, it dramatically improved to 2–8 ng/mL. In the case of GC, HPLC and CE, migration times of the nine standards ranged from 11 to 15 min and 8 to 23 min by GC and HPLC, respectively; ranged from 20 to 26 min by sweeping-MEKC. The order of migration of DMT, DET, DPT and DBT follows the molecular weight, whereas the order of migration of AMT and 5-MeO-AMT (primary amines), DIPT (an isomer of DPT) and 5-methoxy-tryptamines (5-MeO-AMT, 5-MeO-DMT and 5-MeO-DIPT) can be altered by changing the separation conditions.

中文摘要...................................................I
英文摘要..................................................II
目錄.....................................................III
圖目錄....................................................VI
表目錄...................................................VII

第一章 緒論................................................1
1-1 濫用藥物..............................................1
1-1-1 中樞神經抑制劑.................................1
1-1-2 中樞神經興奮劑.................................2
1-1-3 幻覺劑........................................2
1-2 研究目的..............................................3
1-2-1 色胺類化合物的分析方法..........................4
1-2-2 研究方向......................................5
1-3 分析物簡介............................................7
1-3-1 色胺類(Tryptamines)化合起源....................7
1-3-2 色胺類(Tryptamines)化合物的生理作用.............7
1-3-3 色胺類(Tryptamines)新興濫用藥物-「5-MeO-DMT」...8
1-3-4 色胺類(Tryptamines)新興濫用藥物-「5-MeO-DIPT」..8
1-3-5 色胺類(Tryptamines)新興濫用藥物-「AMT」.........9

第二章 分析方法及原理......................................11
2-1 氣相層析質譜法.......................................11
2-1-1 氣相層析儀....................................11
2-1-2 質譜儀.......................................12
2-1-3 資料處理......................................14
2-1-4 氣相層析質譜儀在環境分析的應用..................15
2-2 液相層析儀...........................................16
2-3 毛細管電泳法.........................................18
2-3-1 毛細管電泳分析法之發展歷程.....................18
2-3-2 毛細管電泳分析法之基本原理.....................21
2-3-2-1 電泳遷移率..........................21
2-3-2-2 電滲流(EOF)........................22

2-3-3 毛細管電泳層析法之分離模式.....................24
2-3-3-1 毛細管區帶電泳(CZE).................26
2-3-3-2 微胞電動層析法(MEKC)................28
2-3-4 毛細管電泳線上濃縮技術........................31
2-3-4-1 毛細管電泳線上掃集法(sweeping).......33

第三章 儀器與藥品..........................................35
3-1 儀器................................................35
3-1-1 毛細管電泳儀..................................35
3-1-2 訊號放大器....................................37
3-2 儀器與周邊設備列表....................................39
3-2 藥品列表.............................................42

第四章 結果與討論..........................................45
Part I 氣相層析質譜法及液相層析法對色胺類之分離鑑定
4-1 氣相層析質譜法.......................................46
4-1-1 分析條件......................................46
4-1-2 分析結果討論..................................46

Part II 液相層析法對色胺類之分離鑑定
4-2 液相層析/紫外光吸收法.................................53
4-2-1 色胺類化合物吸收光譜之量測......................53
4-2-2 最佳化分離條件確立.............................55
4-2-3 分析結果討論..................................56

Part III 毛細管電泳法對色胺類之分離鑑定
4-3 毛細管電泳/紫外光吸收法...............................59
4-3-1 毛細管區帶電泳法(CZE)對色胺類分離之探討..........59
4-3-2 微胞電動層析法(MEKC)對色胺類分離之探討...........63
4-3-2-1 MEKC最佳條件確立.....................63
4-3-2-2 MEKC分離結果討論.....................64
4-4 毛細管電泳線上掃集法對色胺類之分析研究..................69
4-4-1 線上掃集法(sweeping-MEKC)之電泳條件探討.........69
4-4-2 最佳化sweeping-MEKC電泳條件確立................69
4-4-3 Sweeping-MEKC檢量線製作及再現性探討............71
Part IV 真實樣品上之應用
4-5 尿液中色胺類化合物的偵測...............................77
4-5-1 樣品前處理....................................77
4-5-2 尿液中色胺類藥物的偵測.........................79
4-6 三種分析方法之比較....................................82
4-6-1 靈敏度(sensitivity)..........................82
4-6-2 遷移順序(migration order).....................84
4-6-3 時間(time)...................................85
4-6-4 費用(cost)...................................85
4-6-5 其他.........................................86

第五章 結論..............................................87
5-1 研究成果...........................................87
5-2 應用與展望.........................................88

參考文獻...................................................89
論文發表...................................................97

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