臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了能有效的設計光學或照明系統，光源的配光曲線參數對光學模擬軟體而言是不可或缺的重要參數。傳統是透過測角光度計（Goniophotometer）以機械方式掃描光源在空間中的輝度分佈而取得數據。雖然有效，卻花時費工且成本高昂。因此使用者也不斷的關注是否有替代產品的出現。隨著近幾年來電腦軟體與硬體的逐漸成熟，影像式輝度量測儀器(ILMD)的可能性也越來越有機會實現。
透過理論的研究與實驗實作，本研究提出了一個系統性的設計，包含了機構與演算法的設計，並嘗試以該系統藉由CCD一次取像而能完成對於單一顆LED於空間中的相對強度分佈量測。藉由針對硬體本身的校正(噪訊校正、灰階值響應校正、鏡頭像差所引起的影像變形校正與亮度均勻度的校正) 與演算法的補償(真實入射角修正、BTDF雙向穿透分佈函數、套用穿透率補償、吸收度補償、以及立體角常規化、Cosine 函數補償)，進而提高了整個量測系統的準確性。

The relative intensity distribution curve is necessary for engineers to design optical system. Traditionally we use goniophotometer to obtain data. It works but takes much time. Much necessary space also costs too high. In such a way, users are concerned about the emergence of alternatives. With great progress both on the software and the hardware in recent years, the possibility of imaging luminance measurement device (ILMD) is getting promising. Through theory research and experiments, this study presents a systematic design includes mechanical design and algorithms to obtain relative intensity data of a LED just by one snap.
To improve system stability, we have done hardware calibration (CCD noise, gray value response, image distortion and Vignetting ) for CCD and lens system to make sure only right data can be input to main algorithm. To improve the accuracy of the system, the calibration algorithm is including finding real incidence angle, BTDF, transmittance, absorption rate, solid angle normalization, and cosine law function.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 現有的量測方案 2
1-2-1 常見的測角光度計架構 3
1-2-2 影像式的量測方式[7] 5
1-3 研究動機與目標 6
1-4 研究範圍 6
第二章 基本理論 7
2-1 輻度學 7
2-1-1 光的組成: 7
2-1-2 立體角 8
2-1-3 光的測量物理量 8
2-1-4 光於介面的能量反射與穿透 10
2-1-5 光於介質中被吸收能量 11
2-1-6 Cosine Law 12
2-1-7 立體角與進光量 15
2-1-8 Diffusion, BRDF, BTDF 16
2-2 幾何光學 19
2-2-1 Snell’s Law 19
2-2-2 像差的形成與種類 20
2-3 影像式光感測元件基本原理 21
2-3-1 感測器常見之重要參數 [58] 22
2-3-2 雜訊(Noise) 23
第三章 實驗設計與實作 24
3-1 架構設計 24
3-2 硬體規劃 27
3-2-1 感測器的選擇 27
3-2-2 鏡片組選擇 29
3-2-3 其他 30
3-3 硬體校正 31
3-3-1 CCD雜訊過濾與尋找光源中心點 32
3-3-2 CCD 暗電流校正 34
3-3-3 均勻度校正 34
3-3-4 像差變形對比例尺的影響 36
3-3-5 CCD敏感度校正 37
3-3-5 BSDF量測 40
3-4 相對強度分佈曲線的一致性 43
3-5 綜合計算 44
3-5-1 尋找光源中心點與角度陣列的計算: 47
3-5-2 立體角的常規化 48
3-5-3 真實入射角度的計算 49
3-5-4 穿透率的計算與補償 50
3-5-5 吸收度補償 52
3-6 實際量測LED的相對強度分佈曲線 53
3-7 實驗步驟 54
3-8 小結 54
第四章 實驗結果與分析 56
4-1 受測樣品 56
4-2 樣品一測試 59
4-3 樣品二測試 64
4-4 結果分析 70
第五章 結論 71
參考文獻 73

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