臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究蒐集1998-2008年臺灣鮪釣漁船於印度洋釣獲劍旗魚的漁獲統計資料與多衛星和模式演算之不同水文環境資料，除了分析印度洋劍旗魚的時空間分佈之外，亦使用泛加成模式分析時間、空間及海洋環境因子與劍旗魚漁況的關係，並預測印度洋劍旗魚潛在漁場，及探討氣候變異下，海洋環境的變動對印度洋劍旗魚時空間分佈與魚況的影響。
研究結果顯示，印度洋劍旗魚漁獲區域主要集中在西北及西南印度洋海域，分別佔臺灣鮪釣漁船在印度洋劍旗魚總漁獲量的66%及20%，主要漁獲的季節在每年的第二、三季(4-8月)。泛加成模式分析結果則顯示印度洋劍旗魚CPUE與時間因子(年、月)、空間因子(經度、緯度)、環境因子(海表面溫度、淨基礎生產力、海表面高度離均差及混合層深度)的變動、作業漁法(每框鉤數)皆有相關，而泛加成預測模式亦指出劍旗魚的良好漁場分佈在西北、西南漁區。
劍旗魚漁獲量與印度洋偶極模指數(DMI)之迴歸分析則顯示劍旗魚漁獲量的變動與印度洋偶極(IOD)事件有密切相關，在負事件時於馬達加斯加島北方與索馬利亞東部海域劍旗魚高CPUE之區域有增加的趨勢，而正事件發生時，此海域劍旗魚高CPUE之區域則相對減少。

The swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is one of the important commercial species of the Taiwanese longline (LL) fishery in the Indian Ocean. In this study, we collected the Taiwanese LL data and environment variables during the period of 1998-2008. The Generalized Additive Models (GAM) was used to explore the correlation between LL catch data of swordfish and oceanic environmental factors. We then use the predict modes of GAM to predict the fishing grounds of swordfish.
High nominal catch per unit effort (CPUE) areas are concentrated in the northwestern and southwestern Indian Ocean where are accounting for 66% and 20% of total catch, receptively. The major fishing season is in the second and third quarters. The results of statistics showed the CPUE were significantly correlated with all the temporal (year and month), spatial (longitude and latitude) and environmental variables (Sea surface temperature (SST), net primary production (NPP), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), mixed layer depth (MLD), number of hook per basket (NHB)). The high CPUE is associated with 22-23℃ of SST, 200-400 mg C/m-2 d-1 of NPP, 0.6-0.7m of SSHA and around 100m of MLD. The predict models of GAM exhibit the best fishing grounds were located in the northwestern and southwestern Indian Ocean, too.
The variations of catches and distributions of swordfish in relation to climatic index in the Indian Ocean were investigated by Regression Analysis. It suggested that decreases in areas of optimal SST and NPP areas for swordfish during positive Indian Ocean Dipole events would decrease the CPUE in the western Indian Ocean, while an increase in optimal areas would result in an increased CPUE in negative Indian Ocean Dipole events, especially in the seas around the eastern Somalia and northern Madagascar.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
壹、前言 1
1.1劍旗魚之型態特徵及生態習性 1
1.2印度洋海域劍旗魚漁業概況 2
1.3印度洋海洋環境狀況 3
1.4海洋環境變動對大型洄游魚類分布與資源之影響及預測 5
1.5 研究動機與目的 6
貳、材料與方法 9
2.1 漁獲資料收集與分析 9
2.2 水文環境資料蒐集 10
2.2.1表水溫資料 (Sea Surface Temperature; SST) 10
2.2.2淨基礎生產力(Net Primary Production；NPP) 10
2.2.3海表面高度離均差與混合層深度(Sea Surface Height Anomaly and Mixed Layer Depth) 11
2.2.4印度洋偶極模指數(Dipole Model Index；DMI) 11
2.3 泛加成模式(Generalized Additive Models, GAM) 12
2.4 GAM預測模式選擇 14
參、結果 15
3.1 印度洋的海洋環境變動狀況 15
3.2 印度洋劍旗魚的時空間分佈 16
3.3 GAM分析結果 17
3.3.1時間因子(年別、月別) 18
3.3.2空間因子(經度、緯度) 18
3.3.3環境因子(SST、SSHA、MLD、NPP) 19
3.3.4作業漁法(NHB) 20
3.3.5 以GAM分析結果建構漁場預測模式 20
3.4 氣候變異下劍旗魚時空間分布之變動 22
肆、討論 23
4.1印度洋海洋環境狀況 23
4.2印度洋劍旗魚漁況與海洋環境之關係 25
4.2.1時間因子對印度洋劍旗魚漁獲量的影響 25
4.2.2空間因子對印度洋劍旗魚漁獲量的影響 26
4.2.3環境因子對印度洋劍旗魚漁獲量的影響 27
4.2.4作業漁法的不同對印度洋劍旗魚漁獲量的影響 30
4.3氣候變異對印度洋劍旗魚之影響 31
謝辭 37
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