臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

RFID 除了做為存取控制、供應鏈管理、及大眾運輸票卡應用外，如何應用低成本的 RFID 於一些創新應用一直是 RFID 相關學界及工業界重要的挑戰。RFID 創新應用的成功將大大改善人們生活的舒適性及便利性，也可擴大此ㄧ產業的市場及貢獻。本論文分別以 Gen 2 RFID 及 Mifare 卡設計兩套 RFID 的創新應用。ㄧ個是植基於 Gen2 的智慧佈告欄系統，另ㄧ個是植基於 Mifare 的匿名式認證系統。
佈告欄是火車站、學校、公寓等公共場所相當重要的資訊傳遞中心，如音樂會、租屋、演講等活動都能夠藉由海報讓更多人知道，達到宣傳效果，但是管理不良的佈告欄常會充滿過期海報，可能造成其他海報宣傳效果降低，並破壞環境美觀；群眾看到有興趣的活動得另外抄下或是鍵入手機，這些可能會降低使用者紀錄的意願。
由於現代RFID技術不斷進步和普及，未來穩定、便宜的RFID技術將協助我們完成更多工作。本論文藉由RFID可遠距離讀取、可儲存自訂資訊、標籤價格低的特性，搭配網際網路與資料庫科技，將傳統的佈告欄轉化成具有智慧與自動化特性的RFID佈告欄，讓佈告欄上所張貼的海報資訊能夠讓更多人看見、管理更為人性。
匿名認證的需求一直存在於各種應用中，如投票、電子購物、特殊場所的存取控制等等。本論文不同於理論研究方向設計嚴謹但不見得好用的協定，而改以常用的 Mifare 卡片搭配指紋辨識設計實用的匿名認證機制。本機制在伺服器端不需要儲存使用者資料庫，只需要簡單的加密與解密。因為不需要複雜的運算而且系統架構簡單，這項身份認證只需稍加修改即可應用於投票、門禁等情境。

RFID has been successfully applied in access control, inventory control, supply chain management, etc. However, designing new and innovative applications of RFID is important to enlarge the RFID market, and it is an important challenge for both the academic and the industry. In this thesis, we design two innovative applications of RFID: one is GEN2-based smart bulletin and the other is Mifare-based anonymous authentication scheme.
Bulletin board is an effective mechanism to broadcasting information like house renting advertisement, speech & activities information, important notice announcement, etc. Conventionally we have bulletin boards in public space like train stations, schools or apartments. But a bad-maintained bulletin board would be disordered and not easy to access. Additionally, even though a bulletin board is well maintained, people still need to write down the information when they are interested in some posters on bulletin boards. These factors make conventional become less and less popular.
Based on low-cost Gen2 tags, we design a smart bulletin system: an RFID reader periodically scans the GEN2-tagged posters on the bulletin board, reads the URLs stored in tags, download and maintain the related information in distributed information servers so that (1) the bulletin board maintenance task can be easier and automatic, (2) users can efficiently browse the aggregated information scanned from several distributed bulletin boards, and (3) users preferred information would automatically pop up on the screen of their PDAs when they pass by these bulletin boards.
An efficient anonymous authentication mechanism is critical to those applications like e-voting, e-shopping, and access control for special services. Instead of designing rigid but not-ease-to-use cryptographic scheme, we, based on Mifare tags and fingerprint scanner, design an efficient and practical anonymous authentication mechanism. The advantages of this scheme include (1) there is no user-related data on the server, (2) computation is simple and efficient, and (3) the architecture is simple.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章、文獻探討 4
2.1 應用種類 4
2.1.1 身份識別 4
2.1.2 追蹤與管理 4
2.1.3 協助使用者的環境 5
2.2 EPC Class 1 Gen 2 5
2.3 Mifare 6
第三章、EPC規格 7
3.1 指令 7
3.2 協定 7
3.2.1 實體層 7
3.2.2 標籤辨識層 7
3.3 標籤記憶體配置 8
3.4 Sessions及Inventoried Flags 11
3.5 選定的標籤 Selected Flag 13
3.6 Tag states and Slot counter 13
3.6.1 Ready state 13
3.6.2 Arbitrate state 13
3.6.3 Reply state 14
3.6.4 Acknowledged state 15
3.6.5 Open state 15
3.6.6 Secured state 15
3.6.7 Killed state 15
3.6.8 Slot Counter 16
3.7 標籤亂數產生器PRNG 16
3.8 標籤選取與管理 16
3.8.1 Select操作 16
3.8.2 Inventory操作 17
3.8.3 Access操作 18
3.8.4 Kill操作 18
3.9 讀取器指令與標籤回應 18
第四章、Mifare規格 20
4.1 Mifare安全性 20
4.2 Mifare通訊 20
4.2.1 發出請求 21
4.2.2 碰撞處理迴圈 21
4.2.3 選擇卡片 21
4.2.4 三輪認證 21
4.3 記憶體操作 21
4.4 三輪認證程序 22
4.5 記憶體規格與權限 22
4.5.1 記憶體架構 22
4.5.2 記憶體權限設定 23
第五章、佈告欄系統設計 25
5.1 系統簡介 25
5.1.1 使用者角度 26
5.1.2 管理者角度 26
5.2 系統架構及分析 28
5.2.1 系統架構 28
5.2.2 系統分析 30
5.2.3 資料庫分析 34
5.3系統設置 36
5.3.1 佈告欄 36
5.3.2 標籤 36
5.3.3 行動裝置 36
5.3.4 網路環境 37
5.3.5 軟體 37
5.3.6 資料規格 37
5.3.7 資料庫 38
5.4 API介面 38
5.4.1 API簡介 38
5.4.2 API功能與使用方法 40
5.5 網址編碼與解碼 43
5.6 網頁端與RSS 44
5.7 系統效益分析 45
5.8 系統畫面 45
5.8.1 行動裝置端 45
5.8.2 管理端 47
5.8.3 網頁端 48
第六章、匿名認證系統設計 50
6.1 系統簡介 50
6.1.1 註冊階段 50
6.1.2 驗證階段 51
6.2 系統分析 52
6.2.1 註冊階段 52
6.2.2 驗證階段 53
6.3 系統設置 53
6.3.1 PCR 310讀取器 53
6.3.2 FM200 指紋讀取器 54
6.3.3 後端伺服器 54
6.4 系統畫面 54
6.4.1 註冊階段 54
6.4.2 認證階段 55
第七章、結論 57
參考文獻 58

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