臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文探討飼料中添加萃取自葡萄之天然抗氧化劑對白蝦(Litopenaeus vannamei)成長及脂質過氧化程度之影響。實驗共分成三大部份：實驗一以窄範圍濃度之葡萄萃取物0、50、100、150與200ppm添加於白蝦飼料中；實驗二以廣範圍濃度之葡萄萃取物0、250、500、750與1000ppm添加於白蝦飼料中；實驗三則是參照實驗一、二成長表現較優之葡萄萃取物濃度，調整以0、125、250、375與500ppm添加於白蝦飼料中，探討不同含量之葡萄萃取物對白蝦成長表現及脂質過氧化之影響。

　　實驗一以窄濃度範圍之葡萄萃取物添加於白蝦幼苗飼料中，添加量分別為：0、50、100、150與200ppm，配製成五組等蛋白質(39%)、等油脂(9%)、等能量(300 kcal/100g)之實驗飼料。餵食0.020g之白蝦幼苗，每日投餵三餐，採任食投餵，實驗為期八週。投餵白蝦幼苗添加150及200ppm葡萄萃取物之飼料其成長最佳，且顯著高於控制組，與50及100ppm組沒有顯著差異。白蝦之超氧化物岐化酵素(SOD)活性以200ppm組為最高，其顯著高於50、100及150ppm組，與控制組沒有顯著差異。白蝦之硫代巴比妥酸反應性物質(TBARS)隨著葡萄萃取物添加量上升而有下降的趨勢，控制組則顯著低於其他組。

　　實驗二以廣濃度範圍之葡萄萃取物添加於白蝦幼苗飼料中，添加量分別為：0、250、500、750與1000ppm，配製成五組等蛋白質(38%)、等油脂(9%)、等能量(340 kcal/100g)之實驗飼料。餵食0.020g之白蝦幼苗，每日投餵三餐，採任食投餵，實驗為期六週。投餵白蝦幼苗添加250及500ppm葡萄萃取物之飼料其成長最佳，顯著高於其他處理組，其中控制組顯著低於750及1000ppm組。白蝦之SOD活性以250ppm組顯著高於控制組、750及1000ppm組，且與500 ppm組無顯著差異，控制組則為最低，顯著低於250及500ppm組。而白蝦之TBARS值以750ppm組為最高，顯著高於控制組、250及500ppm組，與1000ppm組無顯著差異；250ppm組有顯著低於其他各組之TBARS值。

　　實驗三參考實驗一、二成長表現較優之葡萄萃取物濃度，設計添加量分別為：0、125、250、375與500ppm，配製成五組等蛋白質(38%)、等油脂(8%)、等能量(335 kcal/100g)之實驗飼料。餵食2.456g之白蝦，每日投餵三餐，採任食投餵，實驗為期七週。實驗結果顯示，餵食白蝦添加250ppm葡萄萃取物之飼料其成長最佳，顯著高於控制組、125及500ppm組，並與375ppm組無顯著差異，控制組則顯著低於其他各組。白蝦之SOD活性以控制組顯著高於125及250ppm組，並與375及500ppm組無顯著差異，而125ppm組有最低之SOD活性，並與250ppm組無顯著差異。而白蝦之TBARS值以125ppm組顯著高於其他各組，而控制組則是顯著高於250、375及500ppm組，250 ppm組顯著高於500ppm組，並與375 ppm組無顯著差異；500ppm組有顯著低於其他各組之TBARS值。

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplement of grape extract on the growth performance and lipid peroxidation of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.
　　The effects of grape (Nor-grape 80), polyphenol-rich feed additive, on the growth performance, immune parameters and lipid peroxidation of 0.02 g white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in experiment I and II. Four experimental diets included 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150) and 200 (N200) ppm grape extract and a control diet (added 0.1% vitamin E and without dry grape extract) for experiment I, and diets included 250 (N250), 500 (N500), 750 (N750) and 1000 (N1000) ppm dry grape extract and control diet for experiment II were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate groups of shrimp larvae. In experiment I, 0.02g shrimp larvae fed N50, N100, N150, N200 diets had no significantly different in weight gain percentage for 8 weeks. However, shrimp larvae fed N150 and N200 diets had significantly higher weight gain percentage than those fed control diet. In experiment II, 0.02g shrimp larvae fed N250 and N500 diets had significantly higher weight gain percentage than those fed other treatment diets for 6 weeks. The shrimp larvae fed control diet had the lowest weight gain percentage. Survival of shrimp fed treatment diets in experiment I and II were higher than 90%. In experiment I, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) of shrimp fed control and N200 diets was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed other treatment diets. SOD of shrimp fed N50, N100 and N150 diets showed no significant differences. In experiment II, SOD of shrimp fed N250 diet was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed N750, N1000 and control diet. SOD of shrimp fed N250 and N500 diets showed no significant differences. In experiment I, the thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) of shrimp fed N50 diet was significantly higher than other treatment diets, followed by N100, N150, N200 and control diet. In experiment II, the shrimp larvae fed N750 and N1000 diets had significantly higher TBARS than those fed other treatment diets. The shrimp fed N250 diet showed the lowest TBARS.
　　The effects of Nor-grape 80, polyphenol-rich feed additive from grape, on the growth performance, immune parameters and lipid peroxidation of 2.456 g white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in experiment III. Four experimental diets included 125 (N125), 250 (N250), 375 (N375) and 500 (N500) ppm dry grape extract and a control diet (added 0.1% vitamin E and without dry grape extract) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate groups of shrimp and cultured for 7 weeks. The shrimp fed N250 had significantly higher weight gain percentage than those fed N125, N500 and control diet. Shrimp fed N250 and N375 had no significantly different in weight gain percentage. The survival of shrimp fed treatment diets for 7 weeks was higher than 90%. SOD of shrimp fed control diet was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed N125 and N250 diets. SOD of shrimp fed N375, N500 and control diets showed no significant differences. The lowest SOD of shrimp fed N125. TBARS of shrimp fed N125 was significantly higher than other treatment diets. The shrimp fed control diet had significantly higher TBARS than that of shrimp fed N250, N375 and control diet. The shrimp fed N500 diet showed the lowest TBARS.

謝辭............................I
中文摘要........................II
英文摘要........................V
目錄............................VI
表目錄..........................VII
圖目錄..........................VIII
前言............................1
文獻整理.........................3
一、白蝦.........................3
二、酚類化合物....................4
三、葡萄與葡萄萃取物的介紹.........4
四、甲殼類免疫機制................6
材料與方法........................9
一、實驗動物......................9
二、實驗設計......................9
三、實驗飼料之配製................10
四、樣品之採集....................11
五、分析項目......................11
六、成長指標......................14
七、統計分析......................14
結果.............................15
討論.............................18
結論.............................23
參考文獻.........................24
表...............................34
圖...............................49

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