臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本文試圖解讀喬埃斯的作品《一位青年藝術家的畫像》中社會文化對個人的影響及個人如何打破國族的歷史束縛，重塑愛爾蘭國族良知。我簡述小說中的時代背景以檢視《畫像》中的主人翁史帝芬與祖國愛爾蘭的緊密關係。此一關係將成為史帝芬不得不離開愛爾蘭的主要原因──愛爾蘭是他的傷口也是創作的搖籃。之後，我試圖討論英國在七百年的殖民歷史中對愛爾蘭形象的塑造。為了打擊其民族自尊和方便統治，英國將愛爾蘭刻劃成一個屈卑的婦女，無知野蠻，順服於統治。而為了回擊，愛爾蘭的國族主義者則將愛爾蘭描繪成英勇的戰士。由此可知，愛爾蘭並沒有一個特定的形象，我們對愛爾蘭的認知取決於書寫者的立場和利益。愛爾蘭此一屈卑的婦女形象在史帝芬成長歷程中的影響力是毋庸置疑的。史帝芬內化了殖民論述中的二分法，婦女在他心中開始成為一個低卑的形象。在他對自我形象的建構上，不僅顯露他對男人英勇高貴形象的認同，更流露出他對女人的壓惡。然而有趣的是，史帝芬身為一個藝術家的身份，卻使他無意識的貼近女人的生理和心理體驗。誠如他所說，他需要「新的節身體驗。」女人的生育本能即是史帝芬想要孕育其國族良知時所要掌握的創作的體驗。是以，愛爾蘭女性低卑的形象一轉而成史帝芬藝術創作的來源。愛爾蘭的傷口／子宮即是誕生藝術家史帝芬的所在，而由此誕生的藝術家以此傷口／根源塑造愛爾蘭的民族良知。

　　This thesis attempts to discuss the influence of culture upon the individual, and the way the individual tries to get rid of historical and cultural burdens to re-create racial conscience in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. I begin my argument with the temporal setting of Portrait to explore the close relationship between Stephen Dedalus and Mother Ireland, which is responsible for his leaving Ireland with the will to create Irish conscience because Ireland is his wound as well as his womb of art. Then, I discuss the representations of Ireland fashioned by the English during the seven hundred years of colonization. In order to destroy Irish self-esteem and to legitimize the imperial rule, the English depicted Ireland as a debased woman, uncivilized, brutal and subordinate to governance. In ture, Irish nationalists portrayed Ireland as a brave and manly warrior. The difference in these two revisions of Ireland suggests that there is neither an essence nor a certain image of Ireland. With this understanding, I focus on the shadow of this debased eminine image of Ireland on Stephen's growth . Undoubtedly, Stephen internalizes the logic of binary opposition employed in colonial discourse. Woman for him thus becomes the emblem of inferiority. His representations of himself not only indicate his acceptance of man but also express his dislike of woman. Interestingly, Stephen transforms himself into a woman, through imagination in order to obtain "a personal experience" essential to his artistic production which is intended to bring Irish conscience into the world. Through this imagination, the debased image of Ireland as a woman is changed into the source of Stephen's art. The wound/womb of Ireland is thus the birthplace of Stephen as an artist, who, in turn, promises to re-create a new image of Ireland.