臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的是探討20天震動訓練與跳繩訓練對棒球選手下肢動力(CMJ)、起跑反應時間、擊球後至一壘跑壘速度、擊球後5m跑壘速度之影響。以26位成棒（大學甲組、職業棒球隊替代役男）選手為研究對象，平均年齡、身高、體重為22.3±2.46yr、174.6±4.51cm、79.23±7kg。前測(T-1)共有4個項目，其中CMJ、起跑反應時間測試屬於基礎運動能力檢測；擊球後至一壘跑壘速度、擊球後5m跑壘速度測試屬於專項運動能力檢測。依前測下肢動力(CMJ) 測試之成績，以序列方式將研究對象分為震動訓練(A)組與跳繩訓練(B)組(每組各13人)。A、B組開始進行20天訓練，每10天進行4次訓練，訓練間隔至少1天，熱身完進行本實驗之訓練。A組接受震動頻率40Hz、震幅2mm之震動刺激，以2種動作進行5組，每組60s，組間休息40s的震動訓練。B組以個人最佳表現來進行2組×5次×10s的跳繩訓練，組間休息2分鐘，次與次間休息30s。第10天進行中測(T-2)，第20天進行後測(T-3)。結果顯示：A、B組經過20天訓練後CMJ皆顯著進步(p<0.001、p<0.01)，組間未達顯著差異；A、B組反應時間皆顯著進步(p<0.001)，組間未達顯著差異；A、B組擊球後至一壘跑壘速度皆顯著進步( p<0.001)，A組優於B組0.32 m/s (p<0.05)；A組擊球後5m跑壘速度顯著進步 (p<0.01)，B組有進步但未達顯著，A組優於B組0.34 m/s (p<0.05)。本研究結論為震動訓練與跳繩訓練能增進棒球選手CMJ、起跑反應時間、擊球後至一壘跑壘速度、擊球後5m跑壘速度，但只有擊球後至一壘跑壘速度和擊球後5m跑壘速度在組間達顯著差異。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 20 days vibration training and jump rope training on baseball players’ lower limbs’ power (CMJ), take-off reaction time, base-running velocity from home to first after batting and 5m base-running velocity after batting of baseball players. Twenty-six adult baseball players (excellent university and substitute service of professional baseball teams) were involved in this study with the average age and height weight were 2.3±2.46yr、174.6±4.51cm、and 79.23±7kg, respectively. Pretest (T-1) included 4 tests. The CMJ and take-off reaction time was basic test of sport capacity, base-running velocity from home to first after batting and 5m base-running velocity after batting were specific test of sport capacity. Subjects was divided to group A (vibration training) and group B (jump rope training by CMJ performance in matched-pair designed ( each group have 13 people). Group A and B started 20 days training, there were 4 times training in 10 day and separated at least 1 day. Group A were stimulated by vibration frequency at 40Hz, and amplitude at 2mm, in 2 movements of vibration training and proceeded 5 sets, each set performed 60s, and set rested 40s. Group B proceed 2 sets × 5 times × 10s of jump rope training by personal best performance, set rest interval was 2 min, and each time rest 30s. Middle-test (T-2) was proceeded in 10 days and posttest (T-3) was proceeded after training. Results showed that CMJ of Group A and B had significant improvement after 20 days training (p<0.001、p<0.01), but there was no difference between groups. Reaction time of Group A and B were significant improvement (p<0.001), but there was no difference between groups. Base-running velocity from home to first after batting of group A and B were significant improvement (p<0.001) and group A was significant higher than group B to 0.32 m/s (p<0.05); 5m base-running velocity after batting of group A was significant improvement (p<0.01), but group B was not significant improvement and group A was significant higher Group B in 0.34 m/s (p<0.05). Conclusions of the study were vibration and jump rope training can improve CMJ, take-off reaction time, base-running velocity from home to first after batting, 5m base-running velocity after batting, but base-running velocity from home to first after batting and 5m base-running velocity after batting were significant different between groups.

目 錄

第壹章 緒論

第一節 前言-------------------------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究背景與動機---------------------------------------- 2
第三節 研究目的---------------------------------------------- 7
第四節 研究範圍與限制---------------------------------------- 8
第五節 名詞解釋---------------------------------------------- 8

第貳章 文獻探討

第一節 棒球跑壘動作型態-------------------------------------- 10
第二節 震動訓練理論基礎-------------------------------------- 12
第三節 震動訓練在應用於運動訓練上之效用---------------------- 14
第四節 牽張縮短循環理論-------------------------------------- 23
第五節 反應時間之相關研究------------------------------------ 25
第六節 文獻探討總結------------------------------------------ 30

第参章 研究方法與步驟

第一節 研究對象---------------------------------------------- 32
第二節 測試時間---------------------------------------------- 33
第三節 測試儀器與設備---------------------------------------- 34
第四節 實驗方法與步驟---------------------------------------- 37
第五節 資料蒐集與處理---------------------------------------- 45



第肆章 結果與分析

第一節 基礎測試---------------------------------------------- 47
第二節 專項測試---------------------------------------------- 52
第三節 基礎能力與專項測試相關分析---------------------------- 57

第伍章 討論
第一節 下肢動力與跑壘速度之關係------------------------------ 63
第二節 下肢動力與反應時間之關係------------------------------ 66
第三節 反應時間與擊球後5m跑壘時間之關係---------------------- 68

第陸章 結論與建議
第一節 結論-------------------------------------------------- 69
第二節 建議-------------------------------------------------- 71

參考文獻------------------------------------------------------- 72

附錄
附錄一 參與者同意書------------------------------------------ 82
附錄二 運動能力診斷疾病調查表-------------------------------- 83






表 目 錄

表3-1 參與者基本資料------------------------------------------ 32
表3-2 實驗訓練測試時間表-------------------------------------- 33
表4-1 A組震動訓練下肢動力(CMJ) 三次測試平均值與標準
差------------------------------------------------------------- 47
表4-2 B組跳繩訓練下肢動力(CMJ) 三次測試平均值與標準
差------------------------------------------------------------- 48
表4-3 A組震動訓練反應時間三次測試平均值與標準差--------------- 50
表4-4 B組跳繩訓練反應時間三次測試平均值與標準差--------------- 50
表4-5 A組震動訓練擊球後至一壘跑壘速度兩次測試平均值
與標準差------------------------------------------------ 52
表4-6 B組跳繩訓練擊球後至一壘跑壘速度兩次測試平均值
與標準差------------------------------------------------ 53
表4-7 A組震動訓練擊球後5m跑壘速度兩次測試平均值與標
準差---------------------------------------------------- 55
表4-8 B組跳繩訓練擊球後5m跑壘速度兩次測試平均值與標
準差---------------------------------------------------- 55






圖 目 錄

圖2-1 擊球後的起跑動作圖-------------------------------------- 11
圖2-2 震動式訓練的生理機轉圖---------------------------------- 13
圖2-3 震幅示意圖---------------------------------------------- 14
圖2-4 全身震動訓練組的六種姿勢圖------------------------------ 15
圖2-5 震動訓練組、控制組、固定腳踏車組對手握力、擺臂反
向垂直跳、柔軟度表現的改變百分比(%)---------------------------- 16
圖2-6 肱二頭肌彎舉的震動訓練設備圖---------------------------- 19
圖2-7 肌肉彈性能儲存模型-------------------------------------- 24
圖2-8 反應時間、動作時間和整體反應時間之關係------------------ 26
圖2-9 Schmidt(1988)訊息處理模式三階段------------------------- 27
圖3-1 全身性震動訓練器---------------------------------------- 35
圖3-2 全身性震動訓練器之控制面-------------------------------- 35
圖3-3 Newtest主機--------------------------------------------- 36
圖3-4 Newtes操作PDA ------------------------------------------ 36
圖3-5 可摺疊式測力板------------------------------------------ 37
圖3-6 紅外線感應器組------------------------------------------ 37
圖3-7 下蹲跳測試---------------------------------------------- 38
圖3-8 起跑反應時間測試場地設置圖------------------------------ 40
圖3-9 跑壘速度測試示意圖-------------------------------------- 41
圖3-10 震動訓練深蹲動作示意圖---------------------------------- 42
圖3-11 震動訓練單腳站立動作示意圖------------------------------ 42
圖3-12 測試流程圖---------------------------------------------- 44
圖4-1 三次測試A與B組CMJ平均值與標準差------------------------- 49
圖4-2 三次測試A與B組反應時間平均值與標準差-------------------- 51
圖4-3 兩次測試A、B組擊球後至一壘跑壘速度平均值與標準
差------------------------------------------------------------- 54
圖4-4 兩次測試A與B組擊球後5m跑壘速度平均值與標準
差------------------------------------------------------ 56
圖4-5 A組下肢動力與跑壘速度之關係----------------------------- 57
圖4-6 B組下肢動力與跑壘時間之關係----------------------------- 58
圖4-7 A組下肢動力與反應時間之關係----------------------------- 59
圖4-8 B組下肢動力與反應時間之關係----------------------------- 60
圖4-9 A組反應時間與擊球後5m跑壘速度之關係--------------------- 61
圖4-10 B組反應時間與擊球後5m跑壘速度之關係--------------------- 62

參考文獻
一、中文部份

王文正(1994)。不同間歇折返跑運動對全身反應時間、動力
與敏捷性之影響研究。體育與運動，89，49-57。
王文正(1995)。增強式和等張訓練對全身反應時間和動力效果之探討。體育與運動，93，38-42 。
吳忠政、陳克舟(2005)。排球阻斷式接發球訓練對排球選手反應時間影響之研究。大專體育學刊，7(4)，105-112。
林耀豐、林清和(1996)。不同網球接發球反應前期與方向對其反應及動作時間的影響。中華民國體育學會體育學報，2l，195-206。
胡金榮(2006)。震動訓練對青少年短跑選手步頻及速度之影響。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。
陳志文(2004)。間歇性連續踢擊對跆拳道優秀與一般選手反應時間與攻擊力量之比較。未出版碩士論文，台北巿立體育學院國，台北市。
陳君豪、楊雅如、王瑞瑤(2005)。網球運動能力之分析－以下肢為探討方向。物理治療，30 (4)，177-183。
陳俊汕(1995)。“反應時間”與“預期”在快速運動項目的重要性。中華體育，8 (4)，39-47。
陳俊忠(1992)。大學體育學生運動神經傳導時間與全反應時間之研究。大專體育，2 (2)，45-54。
陳婉菁(2004)。不同震動刺激型態對等長收縮時肌肉活化程
度之影響。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。
黃茂穎、相子元(2005)。使用不同震動頻率對淺蹲跳法之短期效應。亞太生物力學學術研討會。
劉鎮國(2001)。應用虛擬實境探討我國大專足球運動員反應時間。大專體育學刊，3(2)，35-46。


二、英文部分

Atha, J. (1981). Strengthening muscle. Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, 9: 1-73.
Albert, M. S. (1991). Eccentric muscle training in sports and orthopaedics. NY：Churchill Livingstone.
Allerheiligen, B., Edgerton, V. R., Hayman, B., Kuc, J., Lambert, M., MacDougall, J. D., Pedemonte, J., O’Bryant, H., Sale, D., Tesch, P., Vermeil, A., and Westcott, W. W., (1993). Determining factors of strength. Journal of National Strength Condition Association, 15(1): 9~31.
Asmussen, E., & Bonde-peterson, F. , (1974). Storage of elastic energy in skeletal muscle in man. Acta Physiologica Scand., 91: 385-392.
Bompa, T.O. (1994). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. Humman Kinetic Publishers INC.
Bompa, T.O. (1999). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training/4th. Humman Kinetic Publishers INC.
Bosco, C., Viitasalo, J. T., Komi, P. V., & Luhtanen, P. (1982a). Combined effect of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation during stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Acta Physiology Scandinavuca, 114, 557-65.
Bosco, C., Tarkka, J. and Komi, P. V., (1982b). Effects of elastic energy and myoelectric potentiation of triceps surca during stret-shortening cycle exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(3): 137-140.
Bosco, C., Cadinale M., & Tsarpela O., Collir, Tihany J, Von DuvlLLARD 5P, VIRU A (1998) Biol5port 15:157-164.
Bosco C., Cadinale M., & Tsarpla O. (1999). Influence of　vibrati on on mechanical power and electromyogram activity in human arm flexor muscles. European Journal Applied Physiology, 79, 306-311.
Bosco, C., Iacovelli, M., Tsarpela, O., Cardinale, M., Bonifazi, M.,Tihanyi, J., Viru, M., DeLorenzo, A., & Viru, A.(2000) : Hormonal responses to whole-body vibration in men. European Journal of Applied Physiology,81, 449-454.
Bret, C., Rahmani, A., Dufour, A. B., Messonnier, L., & Lacour, J.R. (2002). Leg strength and stiffness as ability factors in 100m sprint running. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(3), 274-281.
Buchwald, J. S., (1967). Exteroceptive reflexes and movement. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 46:121-128.
Cardinale, M., & Bosco, C. (2003). The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews, 31(1), 3-7.
Cavagna, G. A., and Citterio, G., (1974). Effect of stretching on the elastic characteristics and the contractile component offrog striated muscle. Journal of Physiology (London). 239, 1-14.
Cochrane, D. J. & Stannard, S. R. (2005). Acute whole body vibration training increases vertical lump and flexibility performance in elite Female held hockey players. British Journal of Sports Medicine; Nov2005, Vol. 39 , 860-865.
Coleman, A. E. and L. M. Lasky (1992). Assessing running speed and body composition in professional baseball players. Journal of applied sport science research, 6(4): 207-213.
Coleman, A. E. (2000). 52-Week Baseball Training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 157-196.
Delecluse, C., Roelants, M.,& Verschueren, S. (2003). Strength increase after whole-body vibration compared with resistance training. Medicine and Sciencein Sports and Exercise, 35(6), 1033-1041.
Delecluse C, Roelants M, Diels R, Koninckx E,Verschueren S.(2005) Effects of whole body vibration training on muscle strength and sprint performance in sprint-trained athletes. Int J Sports Med, 26(8), 662-8.
Driss, T., Vandewalle, H., & Monod, H. (1998). Maximal power and force-velocity relationships during cycling and cranking exercise volleyball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38, 286-293.
Eklund G, Hagbarth K-E (1966) Normal variability of tonic vibration reflexes in man. Exp Neurol 16, 80-92.
Glasser, J., & Brown, W. (1999). Off-season training for women’s softball. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 21(4), 54-59.
Gore, C. J. (2000). Physiological test for elite athletes/ Australian Sports Commission. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Hagbarth, K. E., & Eklund, G. (1966). Tonic vibration reflexes (TVR) in spasticity. Brain Research, 2, 201-203.
Hakkinen, K. (1989): Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations during strength and power training. Journal of sport medicine. 29, 9-26.
Hakkinen, K. (1993). Changes in physical fitness profile in female basketball players during the competitive season including explosive type strength training. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 33(1), 19-26.
Hennessy, L., & Kilty, J. (2001). Relationship of the stretch-shortening cycle to sprint performance in trained female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(3), 326-331.
Issurin V. B., Liebermann D. G. & Tenenbaum G. (1994). Effect of vibratory stimulation training on maximal force and flexibility. Journal o f Sports Sciences, 12, 561-566.
Issurin V. B., & Tenenbaum G. (1999). Acute and residual effects of vibratory stimulation on explosive strength in elite and amateur athletes. Journal of Sports sciences, 17, 177-182.
Jones, R. D.Ⅱ. (2003). In-season athletic fitness parameters related to sport-specific performance among college female softball players. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Houston, Houston.
Kindall, J. (1992). Science of coaching baseball. Champaign, IL:Leisure Press
Komi, P. V. (1984). Biomechanics and neuromuscular performance. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 16(1), 26-28.
Komi, P. V. (1986). Training of strength and power. International Journal of Sport Medicine, 7, 10-15.
Komi, P. V. (1992). Strength and Power in Sport. Blackwell, p169-179.
Komi, P. V. (2000). Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1197-1206.
Luo, J., McNamara, B., & Moran, K. (2005). The use of vibration training to enhance muscle strength and power. Sports Medicine, 35 (1), 23-41.
Magill, R. A. (1998). Motor learning：Concepts and applications (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Martin BJ, Park HS. (1997) Analysis of the tonic vibration reflex: influence of vibration variables on motor unit synchronization and fatigue. European Journal Applied Physiology, 75, 6, 504-511.
Martin, D.; Carl, K.; Lehnertz, K. ( 1991 ) : Handbuch Training slehre, 1 Auflage.
Murphy, P., & Forney, J. (1997). Complete conditioning for
baseball. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Norman, R.W., & Komi, P.V. (1979). Electromechanical delay in skeletal muscle under normal movement conditions. Acta Physiologica Scan dinavica, 106, 241-248.
Noth, J. (1994). Die zentrale und periphere neuromotorische Steuerung. In: Komi, P. V.: Kraft und Schnellkraft im Sport. 21-25.
Nougier, V., Azemar, G., Stein, J.,＆Ripoll, H. (1992). Covert orienting to central vision cues and sport practice relation in the development of visual attention. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 54(3), 315-333.
Prilutsky, B. I., Herzog, W., & Allinger, T. L. (1997) Forces of individual cat ankle extensor muscles during locomotion predicted using static optimization. Journal of Biomechanics 30: 1025-1033.
Prilutsky, B. I. (2000). Coordination of two-and one-joint muscles: functional consequences and implications for motor control. Mot Control 4: 1–44.
Robertson, T. (1998). Preparing a professional baseball player for spring training camp. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 20(4), 24-27.
Romaiguère, P., Vedel, J. P.,& Pagni, S.(1993). Effects of tonic vibration reflex on motor unit recruitment in human wrist extens or muscles. Brain Research, 602, 32-40.
Romaiguere P., Vedel J.-P. Azulay J.-P. & Pagni S. (1991). Differential activation of motor units in the wrist extensor muscles during the tonic vibration reflex in man. Journal of Physiology, 444, 645-667.
Schmidt, R. A. (1988). Motor control and learning：A behavioral emphasis (2nd ed.). Champain, IL: Human Kinetics.
Schmidt, R. A. (1991). Motor learning and Performance：Form principles to practice. Champaign, IL：Human Kinetice.
Schmidtbleicher, D., & Haralambie, G. (1981). Changes in. contractile Properties of muscle after strength training. in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 46: 221-229.
Torvinen, S., P. Kannu, H. Sievanen, et al.(2002). Effect of a vibration exposure on muscular performance and body balance. Randomized cross-over study. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging, 22, 145–152.
Torvinen, S., Kannus, P., Sievänen, H., Järvinen, T, A., Pasanen, M., & Kontulainen, S. (2002). Effect of 4-min vertical whole body vibration on muscle performance and body balance: A randomized cross-over study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 374-379.
Torvinen, S., P. Kannu, H. Sievanen, et al.(2002). Effect of four-month vertical whole body vibration on performance and balance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 34, 9, 1523-1528.
Tripp, R. S. (1965). How fast can you react? Science Digest, 55, 50.
Vandewalle, H., Peres, G., & Monod, H. (1987). Standard aerobic exercise tests. Sports Medicine, 4, 268-289.
Wenzel, R., & Perfetto, E. (1992). The effect of speed versus non-speed training in power development. Journal Applied of Sports Science Research. 6: (2) 82–87.
Wickens, C. D. (1984). Engineering psychology and human performance. Glenview, ill. Scott, Foresman.
Wilk, K. E., Voight, M. L., Keirns, M. A., Gambetta, V., Andrews, J. R., & Dillman, C. J. (1993). Stretch-shortening drill for the upper extremities : Theory and clinical application . Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 17(5), 225-239.
Young, W. B. & Bilby, G. E. (1993). The effect of voluntary effort to influence speed of contraction on strength, muscular, power and hypertrophy development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 7: 172-178.
Zatsiorsky, V. M. (1968). Athlete’s physical abilities. Moscow: Physkultura i Sport.
Zatsiorsky, V. M. (1980). The development of endurance. In L. Matveyev and A. Novikov (Eds.). Teoria I metodica physicheskoi vospitania (The theory and methodology of physical education). Moscow: Fizkultura I Sport. 271-290.
Zatsiorsky, V. M. (1992). Intensity of strength training facts and theory: Russian and Eastern European Approach. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 14(5): 46~57.
Zatsiorsky, V. M. (1995). Science and practice of strength training. Human kinetics Books, Champaign, Il. U.S.A.