臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究共分為兩個階段，第一階段乃在探討添加孟寧素對荷蘭乳牛轉換期生理及其產後所面臨之能量負平衡的影響。試驗為20頭經產荷蘭母牛在預產期前21天逢機分配至 (1)對照組 (不添加孟寧素)與 (2)試驗組 (每天每頭餵飼350毫克孟寧素)，每組10頭。試驗期間由產前21天至產後63天。乳量、乳組成分，以及瘤胃揮發性脂肪酸每兩週測量一次。試驗結果顯示餵飼孟寧素對於血液中尿素氮 (BUN)與三酸甘油脂 (TG)的濃度有顯著提升的效果 (P<0.05)，但對於血液中葡萄糖、天冬氨酸轉胺酶 (AST)的濃度並無影響。對泌乳性狀來說，試驗組之乳產量、乳脂肪率、乳蛋白質百分比，以及體細胞數皆無影響，但其乳糖百分比顯著增加 (P<0.05)，而無脂固形物 (SNF)則有增加之趨勢(P=0.05)。添加孟寧素對於瘤胃pH值、個別揮發性脂肪酸與總揮發性脂肪酸濃度雖無影響，但會顯著 (P<0.05)降低瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸的比例。
第二階段試驗的目的，乃在探討荷蘭女牛飼料中添加孟寧素對其生長與生殖性狀的影響。將 20頭 7.5月齡荷蘭女牛逢機分配至(1)對照組 (未添加孟寧素)，(2)試驗組 (每天每頭添加 200 毫克的孟寧素)，每組10頭，試驗為期 16 週。試驗結果顯示，試驗組之三酸甘油脂 (TG)濃度顯著增加 (P<0.05)而尿素氮 (BUN)濃度則有增加之趨勢 (P=0.08)，此外天冬氨酸轉氨酶 (AST)濃度則顯著減少 (P<0.05)。在平均日增重方面，添加孟寧素組顯著增加平均日增重 (P<0.05)，但對身高、體長以及胸圍則無影響。在生殖性狀方面，試驗組女牛顯著 (P<0.05)較對照組女牛提前發身。
添加孟寧素於轉換期泌乳牛飼料中可改變其瘤胃環境、增加其體內之脂質及蛋白質代謝與改善其在產後所面臨之能量負平衡，在荷蘭女牛方面則可增加其生長性狀與生殖效率。

Our experiment was made up of two parts. The first part was to investigate the effect of supplementing monensin on physiological changes and energy balance after calving in transition Hostein dairy cows.
20 multiparous Holstein cows used in a random block design were either fed without supplementation (control, CO), or supplemented with monensin (treatment, 350 mg/herd/day, MO). Beginning at 21 days before the expected calving date through 63 days postpartum, blood samples were collected every week and milking profile、milk production and rumen VFA were measured twice a week. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly increased (P<0.05) with the use of monensin. However glucose and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concen-trations were not affected by monensin supplementation. Milk production、milk fat percentage、milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were similar (P> 0.05) for MO and CO. On the other hand, milk SNF tended to be higher for MO (P=0.05) than CO, and milk lactose was significantly higher (P<0.05) for MO. Rumen pH value、molar VFA concentration and total VFA concentration were not changed (P>0.05), but the acetate: propionate ratio in rumen was significantly increased in MO (P<0.05).
The second part of this experiment was to investigate the effect of monensin supplementation on growth and reproduction in Holstein heifer. 20 Holstein heifers aged 7.5 month were randomly assigned to either the group without supplementation (control, CO), or group supplemented with monensin (treatment, 200 mg/herd/day, MO). The experiment lasted -16 weeks. TG significantly increased (P<0.05) and BUN tended to be higher in MO (P=0.08) but AST concentration significantly decreased (P<0.05). Adding monensin significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.05) but body height、 length and gird did not change (P>0.05). Age at puberty of MO was significantly lower (P<0.05) than CO.
The supplementation of monensin contributed to changes in rumen environment and increased the metabolism of fat and protein. It also miti-gated negative energy balance in Holstein cows during the transition period. In Holstein heifer, the effect of monensin supplementation increased growth performance and reproductive efficiency.

壹、 摘要 1
貳、 前言 3
叁、文獻檢討 5
一、泌乳牛生產前後之代謝生理 5
二、孟寧素 (MONENSIN) 9
三、添加孟寧素對泌乳牛瘤胃發酵環境之影響 13
四、添加孟寧素對乳牛代謝之影響 15
(一) 葡萄糖的代謝 15
(二) 脂質的代謝 26
(三) 蛋白質的代謝 34
五、乳牛乳腺發育與泌乳調節 38
六、女牛育成之調控機制 43
肆、試驗部分 47
試驗一、生產前後餵飼孟寧素對荷蘭乳牛產乳性狀、瘤胃揮發性脂肪酸與血液生化性狀的影響 47
一、前言 47
二、材料方法 49
(一) 試驗動物與飼養管理 49
(二) 試驗精料之營養成分 50
(三) 乳品之採樣 51
(四) 瘤胃液抽取與瘤胃液VFA的測定 52
(五) 血液性狀分析 53
(六) 數據統計分析 54
三、結果與討論 55
四、結論 77
試驗二、添加孟寧素對荷蘭女牛生長性狀以及血液生化性狀的影響 78
一、前言 78
二、材料與方法 80
(一) 試驗動物與飼養管理 80
(二) 血液分析 81
(三) 數據統計分析 83
三、結果與討論 84
四、結論 96
伍、總結論 97
陸、參考文獻 98
柒、英文摘要 119
捌、小傳 121

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