臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究分為生物暗醱酵產氫及高溫燃氣淨化技術等兩個部分探討。生物暗醱酵產氫程序，以細胞固定化技術，將產氫污泥製作成顆粒置入CSTR反應器進行連續產氫醱酵，以蔗糖為基質來源與不同水力停留時間（6、4、2、1、0.5h）、不同基質濃度為(10000、20000、30000、40000mg COD/L)下操作。實驗發現蔗糖產氫操作之液相產物上以丁酸和乙酸為主；結果顯示當蔗糖基質濃度在40000 mg COD/L，系統穩定操作在HRT＝0.5h時，可獲的本實驗最佳產氫速率(υH2)及氫氣產率(YH2/Sucrose)分別可達15.09 H2 L/h/L及3.86 mol H2/mol Sucrose，且系統之氫氣濃度都維持在36%以上。
顆粒床過濾器(granular bed filter)主要由顆粒床過濾器、上升式快速流化床及氣固分離裝置所組成，將帶有粉塵氣體利用床質流動過濾以達到除塵與燃氣淨化之目的。由系統的壓力擾動研究中，發現氣固分離器內不同葉板角度，床質流量並不會影響其壓力降；在顆粒床過濾器中，相同葉板角度下，床質流量越快壓力降越小，而上升式快速流化床，亦有相同之現象。另外在除塵效率方面，檔板角度越小、床質流率越高，當進口粉塵濃度升高時，除塵效率將隨之降低。

In this thesis, there are two parts: one is the Biohydrogen dark fermentation with immobilized clostridium SP, the other is High temperature flue gas cleaning.
Hydrogen dark fermentation was carried out by the immobilized technique with anaerobic sludge, sucrose substrates and different hydraulic retention times (HRT), which are 6, 4, 2, 1 and 0.5 hours, and various concentrations such as 10000, 20000, 30000 and 40000 mg COD/L. All the operations were proceed in a process of CSTR, and the butyric acid and acetic acid were the main products in the soluble metabolites. The results show that the maximum hydrogen production rate was 15.09 H2 L/h/L and the hydrogen yield was 3.86 mol H2/mol sucrose individually, by the way the hydrogen concentrations was at least higher than 36% for all test runs.
For high temperature flue gas cleaning system, which includes three parts: say moving granular bed filter, riser and cyclone. The moving granular bed filter was used to clean flue gases to meet the high temperature gas turbine requirements. The effects of operating parameters including the pressure fluctuation, the louver angles, and solids mass flow rates, and the average particle sizes were investigated in this study. From the pressure fluctuation analysis, the results show that the louver angles and the solid mass flow rate make no difference in the pressure drop of the cyclone. Both parts of the granular bed filter under the same louver angle and the riser, have the same results that the higher solid mass flow rate, having lower pressure drop. For the cleaning efficiency, the smaller louver angle have higher solid mass flow rate but lower cleaning efficiency; increasing the feedstock of dust concentration also decreased the cleaning efficiency.

目錄
摘要…………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………ⅩⅠ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………ⅩⅣ
符號說明……………………………………………………………………ⅩⅤ

總 論…………………………………………………………………1
PartⅠ.生物暗醱酵產氫
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………5
1-1.前言 ……………………………………………………………………5
1-2.文獻回顧 ………………………………………………………………6
1-2-1.生質能之歷史背景 …………………………………………………6
1-2-2.生物產氫 ……………………………………………………………7
1-2-3.逢甲大學化工系生質產氫歷程 ……………………………………8
1-3.研究目的………………………………………………………………12
1-4.論文大綱………………………………………………………………13
第二章 實驗原理 …………………………………………………………14
2-1.厭氧處理法……………………………………………………………14
2-1-1.前言…………………………………………………………………14
2-1-2.厭氧產氫醱酵代謝途徑……………………………………………16
2-2.產氫菌種Clostridium之特性 ………………………………………18
2-3.固定化細胞……………………………………………………………20
2-3-1.固定化細胞的定義…………………………………………………20
2-3-2.固定化細胞的特性…………………………………………………20
2-3-2-1.固定化細胞的方法………………………………………………20
2-3-2-2.固定化細胞的穩定度和強度……………………………………21
2-3-3.Silicone 的性質 …………………………………………………22
2-4.三相生物反應器(CSTR)………………………………………………23
第三章 實驗器材與方法 …………………………………………………24
3-1.生物暗醱酵產氫………………………………………………………24
3-1-1.藥品…………………………………………………………………24
3-1-2.實驗儀器……………………………………………………………25
3-2.實驗擔體來源…………………………………………………………26
3-2-1.菌種污泥……………………………………………………………26
3-2-2.固定化細胞顆粒……………………………………………………26
3-3.三相生物反應器(CSTR)連續產氫實驗………………………………26
3-3-1.實驗裝置及操作溫度………………………………………………26
3-3-2.營養基質成份………………………………………………………27
3-3-3.不同進料基質濃度…………………………………………………27
3-3-4.實驗方法……………………………………………………………28
3-3-5.實驗流程……………………………………………………………28
3-4.實驗分析項目…………………………………………………………28
3-4-1.氣相層析儀…………………………………………………………28
3-4-2.液相層析儀…………………………………………………………28
3-4-3.總糖定量……………………………………………………………29
3-4-4.掃瞄式電子顯微鏡…………………………………………………29
3-4-5.菌量分析……………………………………………………………30
第四章 結果與討論 ………………………………………………………33
4-1.不同基質濃度對產氫之影響…………………………………………33
4-1-1.蔗糖濃度為10000 mgCOD/L ………………………………………33
4-1-2.蔗糖濃度為20000 mgCOD/L ………………………………………37
4-1-3.蔗糖濃度為30000 mgCOD/L ………………………………………39
4-1-4.蔗糖濃度為40000 mgCOD/L ………………………………………41
4-1-5.蔗糖濃度之產氫效能………………………………………………43
4-2.水力滯留時間(HRT)對產氫之影響 …………………………………47
4-3.熱篩處理對產氫之影響………………………………………………48
4-4.CSTR生物反應器操作過程液相代謝物之影響………………………49
4-4-1.液相代謝物之產氫效能……………………………………………49
4-4-2.探討氫氣濃度過低原因……………………………………………50
4-5.固定化細胞(SC)顆粒產氫之影響……………………………………51
4-5-1.固定化細胞顆粒(SC)………………………………………………51
4-5-2.掃瞄式電子顯微鏡（VVSEM）菌相之觀察 ………………………52
4-5-2-1.固定化細胞顆粒(SC)(空白組)…………………………………52
4-5-2-2.以蔗糖為碳源之固定化顆粒(SC)菌相…………………………52
4-5-2-2-1.懸浮菌顆粒相…………………………………………………54
4-5-2-2-2.固定化細胞顆粒SC菌相………………………………………54
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………………56
PartⅡ.高溫燃氣淨化
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………60
1-1.前言……………………………………………………………………60
1-2.文獻回顧………………………………………………………………61
1-2-1.生質氣化裂解………………………………………………………61
1-2-2.壓力擾動……………………………………………………………63
1-3.研究目的………………………………………………………………66
1-4.論文大綱………………………………………………………………68
第二章 實驗原理 …………………………………………………………69
2-1.粒子流動………………………………………………………………69
2-1-1.流體流動方式………………………………………………………69
2-1-2.Bernoulli 方程式…………………………………………………70
2-1-3.粒子流動形使式……………………………………………………71
2-2.流體化床基本概念……………………………………………………73
2-2-1.流體化床……………………………………………………………73
2-2-2.流體化床優缺點……………………………………………………74
2-3.氣化程序………………………………………………………………75
2-3-1.氣化反應……………………………………………………………75
2-3-2.氣化爐之種類 ………………………………………………………77
2-3-3.高溫燃氣淨化 ………………………………………………………78
2-3-4.上升管循環式顆粒床燃氣淨化……………………………………79
第三章 實驗器材與方法 …………………………………………………81
3-1.高溫燃氣除塵淨化……………………………………………………81
3-1-1.實驗儀器……………………………………………………………81
3-1-2.實驗參數……………………………………………………………82
3-1-3.設計實驗田口表……………………………………………………83
3-1-4.實驗前準備…………………………………………………………83
3-1-4-1.篩析法製備高純度石英砂床質…………………………………83
3-1-4-2.高純度石英砂密度之測定………………………………………84
3-1-4-3.煤灰粉塵密度之測定……………………………………………84
3-2.上升管循環式顆粒床實驗……………………………………………85
3-2-1.實驗裝置……………………………………………………………85
3-2-2.實驗方法……………………………………………………………85
3-2-3.實驗流程……………………………………………………………87
第四章 結果與討論 ………………………………………………………90
4-1.上升管循環式顆粒床之壓力擾動……………………………………90
4-1-1.顆粒床過濾器對壓降之影響………………………………………93
4-1-2.氣固分離器對壓降之影響…………………………………………94
4-1-3.上升式快速流化床對壓降之影響…………………………………95
4-2.顆粒床之壓降…………………………………………………………95
4-2-1.葉板角度對壓降之影響……………………………………………96
4-2-2.床質流率對壓降之影響……………………………………………97
4-3.除塵效率之研究 ………………………………………………………98
4-3-1.參數規劃……………………………………………………………98
4-3-2.參數對除塵效率之影響……………………………………………98
4-3-2-1.葉板角度對除塵效率之影響……………………………………99
4-3-2-2.床質流率對除塵效率之影響……………………………………100
4-3-2-3.床質粒徑對除塵效率之影響……………………………………101
4-4.探討實驗因子…………………………………………………………102
4-4-1.流量計氣速校正……………………………………………………102
4-4-2.矽砂之性質…………………………………………………………104
4-4-3.床質流動速率定量…………………………………………………104
4-4-4.粒徑與床質流量之關係……………………………………………105
4-4-5.氣栓現象……………………………………………………………107
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………………108
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………110
附 錄……………………………………………………………………117
Table A 壓力擾動圖形整合………………………………………………117
Table B 田口設計表 ………………………………………………………119
Table C 高溫燃氣GBF除塵實驗數據 ……………………………………120
Table D 燃氣出口收集之粉塵粒徑分佈…………………………………121
Table E 床質平均粒徑……………………………………………………121
Table F 矽砂耐熱測試……………………………………………………122
Table G矽砂之質量速率校正 ……………………………………………123

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