臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究透過菲涅爾透鏡初階設計公式，使用光學分析軟體ASAP建構菲涅爾透鏡之光學模型，探討其光學特性，包含輻射照度、輻射通量與容忍角度等，並使用邊緣光線設計二次光學元件與菲涅爾透鏡互相搭配，其主要目的：(1)降低太陽偏差角度所造成地能量損失；(2)使能量分佈均勻，有效提升模組效益，減少發電成本。
因此，藉由邊緣光線理論設計三種不同型式的二次光學元件搭配菲涅爾透鏡改善上述情形，利用光學模擬及參數式最佳化方式來優化二次光學元件參數設計方法，計算一組最佳的設計參數。本研究亦探究在全光譜與組裝誤差因素下對集光器之集光特性影響程度。
因溫度變化將影響透鏡幾何結構以及介質折射率，本論文亦利用有限元素分析軟體ANSYS進行菲涅爾透鏡熱變形分析，將變形後的菲涅爾透鏡資料輸出，匯入光學軟體進行分析，了解溫度對菲涅爾透鏡之集光特性影響程度。

This study presents the design of solar concentrator for Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) system. Firstly, the flat Fresnel lens model was constructed by Fresnel lens formula. The optical performance of the Fresnel lens under variations of prism pitches and the position of the solar cell were analyzed by ray tracing software ASAP. The simulation results showed that the acceptance angles and energy distribution of the Fresnel lens were not good enough.
To improve the aforementioned drawback, different secondary optical elements (SOEs) designed by edge ray principle were proposed with the Fresnel lens. Parameter method is also applied with the optical simulations in order to find the best SOE design parameters.
The two main influences of temperature variation on the Fresnel lens are change of index of refraction and thermal deformation of the Fresnel prisms. The thermal deformation of the Fresnel lens was analyzed by finite element method (FEM). The deformed lens geometry determined from FEM was imported into ray tracing simulation to investigate the effects of temperature variations on the Fresnel lens.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
符號說明 xiii
一、緒論 1
1-1 背景介紹 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 太陽能電池 3
1-2-2 追日系統 5
1-2-3 光學模組 7
1-3 研究動機 13
1-4 論文架構 14
二、基本理論 15
2-1 輻射計量學與集光型太陽能相關名詞介紹 15
2-2 幾何光學 16
2-3 菲涅爾透鏡設計 17
2-4 結論 21
三、菲涅爾透鏡之光學模擬 23
3-1 聚焦式菲涅爾透鏡之光學模型 23
3-1-1 接收面在焦點位置下 25
3-1-2 調整太陽能電池位置 29
3-1-2-1 結果與討論 32
3-1-3 改變稜鏡的間距(在244mm) 32
3-2 非聚焦式菲涅爾透鏡設計 33
3-2-1 光學效率 34
3-2-2 改變稜鏡的間距 36
3-2-3 結果與討論 39
3-3 二次光學元件介紹 39
3-3-1 二次光學元件之設計流程 40
3-3-2 反射式圓錐型二次光學元件 40
3-3-3 反射式金字塔型二次光學元件 43
3-3-4 折射式圓頂型二次光學元件 44
3-3-5 結果與討論 45
3-4 結論 46
四、二次光學元件最佳化 49
4-1 參數式的優化過程 49
4-1-1 反射式圓錐型二次光學元件最佳化 51
4-1-2 反射式金字塔型二次光學元件最佳化 54
4-1-3 結果與討論 56
4-2 全光譜模擬 58
4-3 組裝誤差分析 62
4-3-1 反射式二次光學元件之組裝誤差分析 63
4-3-1-1 菲涅爾透鏡的組裝誤差 63
4-3-1-2 二次光學元件的組裝誤差 64
4-3-1-3 太陽能電池的組裝誤差 66
4-3-1-4 結果與討論 67
4-4 結論 67
五、菲涅爾透鏡之熱變形分析 69
5-1 有限元素熱變形分析 69
5-1-1 實體模型 73
5-1-2 邊界條件 74
5-1-3 收斂性分析 74
5-1-4 熱變形分析結果 76
5-2 變形後菲涅爾透鏡之集光特性 79
5-2-1 僅考慮溫度造成透鏡折射率變化(波長固定為550nm) 79
5-2-2 僅考慮溫度改變菲涅爾透鏡幾何形狀 81
5-2-3 折射率變化與幾何形狀改變兩者皆考慮 83
5-3 結論 85
六、結論與未來展望 86
6-1 結論 86
6-2 未來展望 87
參考文獻 89
附 錄 一 93

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