臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

亞洲柑橘木蝨 (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) 是柑橘黃龍病傳播的重要媒介昆蟲，目前”健康種苗制度”雖然能夠防止黃龍病由嫁接傳播，但對外來媒介昆蟲傳播卻難以預防，因此關於其寄主偏好的研究，能夠幫助未來擬定相關的防治策略及監測應用，而本研究主要探討亞洲柑橘木蝨對於月橘及柑橘類之間的寄主偏好性，並且實際應用常見寄主－月橘 (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.) 作為陷阱作物測試其阻擋木蝨侵入柑橘園之成效，並設置月橘觀察田間木蝨分布與族群變化。以四種柑橘類常見寄主植物，椪柑、檸檬、柳丁、文旦分別與月橘單株配對進行選擇偏好試驗：1. 未抽芽健康柑橘組，木蝨在月橘與椪柑及月橘與柳丁的比較上皆偏好月橘。2. 抽芽健康柑橘組，木蝨在月橘與椪柑及月橘與文旦比較上皆偏好月橘。不論抽芽與否，月橘皆比椪柑來得有吸引力。3. 帶黃龍病柑橘處理組，發現椪柑組在感染三個月 發病初期階段相較於健康處理，能使柑橘木蝨產生偏好轉移至柑橘上，感染六個月後又再將偏好轉移回月橘，推測病原能夠影響寄主對木蝨的吸引力，且會隨著病程而改變。陷阱植物應用實驗根據室內偏好結果選擇以椪柑為對象，結果顯示使用與椪柑相同數量的月橘放置外圍可阻擋約 8 成的木蝨侵入，而使用比椪柑多一倍數量之月橘則可阻擋高達 9 成的木蝨侵入，對照組放置椪柑為陷阱作物效果也沒有月橘好，顯示陷阱作物數量及種類都會影響防治效果，使用月橘作為椪柑周邊的陷阱作物對於柑橘木蝨是具有一定阻擋效果。在三次田間分布觀察的釋放結果，發現第一次釋放的木蝨多數分布於田區的柑橘上，儘管在月橘上有較多的新芽；而在第二次釋放卻發現木蝨在前兩週仍然多分布於田區的柑橘，但經過四週後新的子代出來後，卻出現較多木蝨分布於月橘的情況；第三次結果與第二次產生類似的結果。推測可能是季節和植株狀況影響柑橘木蝨的分布，才產生第一次與後面兩次釋放截然不同的結果，而月橘實際放置於田區內觀察結果，在初期仍有多數木蝨選擇在田區的柑橘上，仍有傳病之風險。根據試驗之結果及觀察，釐清寄主偏好及陷阱設置之相關資料，對於未來誘引物質開發及陷阱作物之應用能提供更完整的防治參考。

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Liviidae), is a very important vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus huanglongbing (HLB), a destructive disease of citrus without any efficient chemical cure. Although “healthy seeding system” can successfully prevent the HLB transmission by grafting, it is difficult to prevent the vector transmitting HLB pathogen in the field. Consequently, to realize more about the host preference behavior of the vectors is helpful for setting up new strategies in controlling them. Orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.) is a common preferable host for ACP. We are trying to test the preference among the orange jasmine and other 4 kinds of citrus; then test using orange jasmine as a trap crop to know whether it could prevent the ACPs’ invasion or not. In the preference test of orange jasmine between 4 different citrus, in no flush groups (without leaf flushing on the tested plants): ACPs have higher preference on “Ponkan” and “Orange”. In those two experiments, ACPs all preferred feeding on orange jasmine. In flush groups (with leaf flushing on the tested plants): “ACPs preferred feeding on orange jasmine in Ponkan” and “Pumelo”. In HLB-infected citrus groups: preferred hosts were found to be the citrus after infected with HLB for 3 months on “Ponkan”, then were transferred back to the orange jasmine after 6 months of infection. It means the infection of HLB in citrus can influence ACPs’ preference. The results of trap crop application revealed that using same number of orange jasmine with the citrus can prevent about the 80% psyllids’ invasion to “Ponkan” during the experimental period of 24h. Using double number of orange jasmine can prevent almost up to 90% of psyllid invasion. We also found the trap crop number and species can affect ACPs’ invasion. In the three field preference tests, the first field ACP release, we found the psyllids might prefer to choose citrus in spite of the orange jasmine had moreyoung flushing leaves. However, in the second and third release, more psyllids chose citrus at first few weeks, but when their offsprings appeared at the 4th ~ 5th week, more psyllids chose jasmine orange instead. We suspect that probably the season and host plant condition could change the feeding and oviposition behavior of ACPs and thus make the two different results we observed in the field.

中文摘要................................................... I
英文摘要................................................. III
目錄.......................................................V
表目錄................................................... VII
圖目錄...................................................VIII
壹、 前言.................................................. 1
貳、 往昔研究............................................... 3
一、柑橘黃龍病概述........................................... 3
二、柑橘木蝨概述............................................ 5
三、柑橘木蝨媒介生物學研究.................................... 6
四、黃龍病及媒介昆蟲管理策略.................................. 6
五、柑橘木蝨寄主發育及偏好研究................................. 7
六、陷阱作物相關研究......................................... 9
參、 材料與方法.............................................11
一、室內實驗................................................11
(一)、試驗植株準備..........................................11
(二)、試驗蟲源準備..........................................11
(三)、木蝨反應情形測試.......................................11
(四)、木蝨對不同種類健康柑橘與月橘之選擇偏好試驗................ 12
(五)、木蝨對不同種類柑橘病株與月橘之偏好試驗.................... 12
(六)、陷阱植物應用試驗...................................... 13
(七)、數據分析............................................. 13
二、田間植株抽芽情形及木蝨族群數量調查......................... 14
(一)、試驗蟲源............................................. 14
(二)、試驗環境準備......................................... 14
(三)、田區植株黃龍病檢測.................................... 14
(四)、田間釋放與調查........................................ 15
肆、 結果................................................. 16
一、室內實驗............................................... 16
(一)、木蝨對不同種類健康柑橘與月橘之偏好試驗.................... 16
(二)、木蝨對不同種類柑橘病株與月橘之偏好試驗.................... 16
(三)、陷阱植物應用試驗...................................... 17
二、田間調查結果........................................... 17
(一)、第一次釋放........................................... 17
(二)、第二次釋放........................................... 18
(三)、第三次釋放........................................... 20
伍、 討論................................................. 22
陸、 結論................................................. 31
柒、 參考文獻.............................................. 32

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