臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

二十二碳六烯酸 (Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) 為嬰兒成長及腦部發育所必需之長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸，飲食中DHA最豐富的來源即為魚油。本研究目的在比較以不同餵食方式增加母鼠飲食中或配方奶中DHA ，是否能提升幼鼠體內DHA含量。本實驗分為兩部分進行:第一部分SD母鼠自懷孕開始餵食不同劑量之DHA，分別在控制組、DHA足夠組及DHA高劑量組添加0 , 0.01, 0.1 g DHA/kg B.W.的魚油，於母鼠哺乳第14天擠取鼠奶並測其DHA濃度，哺乳第21天犧牲小鼠。結果顯示，高劑量組鼠奶中DHA 含量 (254 ± 2.5 mg DHA/ 100 ml rat milk) 顯著高於控制組 (82 ± 0.1 mg DHA/ 100 ml rat milk，p＜0.05)。幼鼠高劑量組血漿、肝臟、小腦、延腦DHA濃度皆明顯高於控制組 (p＜0.05)。控制組幼鼠DHA攝食至肝及腦組織回收率顯著高於另兩組。第二部份初生三天SD幼鼠經胃插管手術，控制組、DHA足夠組及DHA高劑量組中分別添加 0, 5, 300 mg DHA/ 100 ml milk，經管餵14天後，測其體重、臟器重並分析管餵幼鼠血漿、肝及腦中DHA濃度。結果顯示，DHA高劑量組在血漿 (333.78 ± 73.10μg/ml)、肝臟 (15.37 ± 1.84 mg/g) 均高於控制組 (血漿: 64.57 ± 36.81μg/ml ; 肝臟: 3.15 ± 2.04 mg/g，p＜0.05)，同樣的結果也反映在腦組織DHA濃度中，且DHA足夠組配方奶中DHA至幼鼠血液、肝臟和腦組織之回收率皆高於高劑量組 (p＜0.05)。管餵幼鼠之DHA足夠組血漿DHA濃度為 (92.70 ± 54.35μg/ml) 與控制組 (64.57 ± 36.81μg/ml) 比較得知，目前市售配方奶添加之DHA量 (約達5 mg DHA /100 ml milk) 並不能達到提高幼鼠體內DHA含量之效果。人工鼠奶高劑量組DHA的濃度 (407 mg DHA/100 ml milk)在提高初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織DHA濃度，與母乳哺餵組 (254 mg DHA/100 ml milk) 有類似的效果。

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, essential for the growth and development of brain in infants. Main dietary source of DHA is fish oil. The purpose of this study is to compare plasma and brain tissues’ DHA levels between pups by breast-fed and tube-fed. The first part of this study was to feed pregnant rats with different levels of DHA in the diets, including control (without DHA added), DHA-adequate ( 0.01 g DHA/kg B.W. added) and DHA-high group ( 0.1 g DHA/kg B.W. added) diets. Rat’s milk was collected at the 14th day of lactation, followed by determination of DHA concentration. Pups were sacrificed at the 21th day of lactation. Results showed that DHA-high group had higher DHA content in milk (254 ± 2.5 mg DHA/ 100 ml rat milk) than rat in the control group (82 ± 0.1 mg DHA/ 100 ml rat milk, p＜0.05). However, compared with the control group, higher DHA concentration was discovered in plasma, liver, cerebellum and medulla oblongata of pups in the DHA-high group. Higher recovery rate of dietary DHA to organs or tissues were found in rat control group than that in other two groups. The second part of this study was to feed neonatal pups with different levels of DHA in the artificial rat milk by gastrostomy. DHA contents in the formula (control, adequate and high group) were designed to be 0, 5 and 300 mg DHA/ 100 ml milk, respectively. After 14 days of feeding, pups were sacrificed. Significantly higher DHA concentration was found in plasma, liver and brain tissues of the pups in the DHA-high group than pups in control group. The recovery rate of pups by gastrostomy, and there dietary DHA to plasma, liver or brain tissues in DHA-adequate pups were higher than that in pups of DHA-high group. Except liver and thalamus and hypothalamus, DHA contents in the rest of the tissues of breast-fed group were higher than that of tube-fed group. Compared of DHA concentration between DHA adequate (92.70 ± 54.35μg/ml) and control (64.57 ± 36.81μg/ml) group by tube-fed, the results suggested that the amount of DHA added in the commercial infant formula, i.e. up to 5 mg DHA/ 100 ml milk, might not be high enough to influence level of body DHA in the neonatal pups. The DHA added in the tube-fed formula over 300 mg DHA/100 ml might have the similar effect on elevation of DHA levels in plasma, liver and brain tissues as breast milk (254 mg DHA/100 ml rat milk).

目錄

第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
一、二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)簡介 2
(一) DHA的優點 2
(二) DHA的缺點 4
二、 飲食中DHA的來源 5
(一) 成人飲食中DHA的來源 5
(二) 嬰幼兒飲食中DHA的來源 5
三、母乳與配方奶中 DHA之含量 6
(一) 母乳中DHA之含量 6
(二) 配方奶中DHA之含量 7
(三) 母乳與配方奶DHA含量之比較 7
四、 DHA在器官組織之分布及回收率 8
(一) 動物試驗研究 8
(二) 人體試驗研究 11
五、 DHA與相關疾病之研究 12
(一) 與免疫疾病之研究 12
(二) 與心血管疾病之研究 13
(三) 與癌症之研究 14
(四) 與阿茲海默氏症之研究 15
六、DHA對嬰幼兒生長及腦部發育之影響 16
(一) DHA對嬰幼兒生長之影響 16
(二) DHA對嬰幼兒腦部發育之影響 17
第三章 研究目的 18
第四章 材料與方法 19
一、實驗設計
(一) 母鼠哺餵初生幼鼠實驗設計 19
(二) 胃管管餵初生幼鼠實驗設計 20
二、 實驗動物飼養 21
(一) 飼養環境 21
(二) 陰道抹片驗孕測試 22
(三) 收集鼠奶 23
(四) 人工鼠奶配製 23
(五) 胃造口手術 24
三、動物犧牲及樣品前處理 25
(一) 動物犧牲 25
(二) 樣品前處理 26
四、樣本分析項目與方法 26
(一) 臟器體重比 26
(二) 鼠奶及血漿脂肪酸分析 27
(三) 肝臟及腦組織脂肪酸分析 27
(四) 氣相層析儀分析條件 28
(五) DHA定量方法 29
五、統計分析 29
第五章 結果與討論 30
第一節 給予懷孕母鼠不同濃度DHA飲食對初生幼鼠體內DHA含量之
影響 30
(一) 鼠奶中DHA 濃度 30
(二) 懷孕母鼠與初生幼鼠之生長狀況 31
(三) 懷孕母鼠攝取不同劑量DHA對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織
DHA含量之影響 33
(四) 懷孕母鼠DHA攝取量與鼠奶、初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織中
DHA濃度之相關性 34
(五) 母鼠DHA攝取量在鼠奶及初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織之DHA
回收率 35
第二節 管餵幼鼠不同濃度DHA飲食對初生幼鼠體內DHA含量之影響
37
(一) 人工鼠奶DHA濃度 37
(二) 初生幼鼠生長狀況 37
(三) 管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA對初生幼鼠血液及肝組織DHA濃度之
影響 38 38
(四) 管餵幼鼠DHA攝取量與初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織DHA濃
度之相關性 39
(五) 管餵幼鼠DHA攝取量在初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織之DHA回收率 39
第三節 比較不同餵食方式之DHA高劑量組對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦
組織DHA濃度及回收率之影響 40
(一) 比較不同餵食方式之DHA高劑量組對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦
組織DHA濃度之影響 40
(二) 比較不同餵食方式之DHA高劑量組對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦
組織DHA回收率之影響 41
第六章 結論 42
第七章 參考文獻 43

表目錄

表一 人工鼠奶組成 53
表二 給予懷孕母鼠不同劑量DHA對母鼠飼料效應、鼠奶中DHA含量
及初生幼鼠體重之影響 54
表三 給予懷孕母鼠不同劑量DHA對初生幼鼠臟器重之影響 55
表四 給予懷孕母鼠不同劑量DHA對初生幼鼠臟器體重比之影響 56
表五 給予懷孕母鼠不同劑量DHA對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織
DHA濃度之影響 57
表六 懷孕母鼠DHA攝取量與鼠奶、初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織DHA
濃度之相關性 58
表七 懷孕母鼠DHA攝取量在鼠奶及初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組織之
DHA回收率 59
表八 給予管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA對其體重、攝食量之影響 60
表九 給予管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA對其臟器重之影響 61
表十 給予管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA對其臟器體重比之影響 62
表十一 給予管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA對其血漿、肝組織DHA 濃度之影
響 63
表十二 管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA其血漿、肝及腦組織DHA濃度之相關
性 64
表十三 管餵幼鼠不同劑量DHA其血漿、肝及腦組織之DHA回收率 65
表十四 比較不同餵食方式之DHA高劑量組對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組
織DHA濃度之影響 66
表十五 比較不同餵食方式之DHA高劑量組對初生幼鼠血漿、肝及腦組
織DHA回收率之影響 67
圖目錄

圖一 ω -6 及 ω-3脂肪酸代謝途徑 3
圖二 母鼠哺餵初生幼鼠實驗設計圖 19
圖三 胃管管餵初生幼鼠實驗設計圖 20
圖四 人工鼠奶配製流程圖 68
圖五 胃插管之製作 69
圖六 給予不同劑量DHA對懷孕及哺乳期母鼠生長曲線之影響 70

附錄

附錄表一 動物飼料組成百分比 71
附錄圖一 小腦組織中DHA及其他脂肪酸含量之氣相層析圖 73

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