臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究可分為二個部分，分別是第一部分的高效率紅光元件及第二部分的高效率單層全波段白光元件。
首先，在第一部分的紅光元件中，我們使用1,3,5-Tri(1-pyrenyl) benzene(TPB3)作為主發光體材料，並以4-(dicyanomethylene)-2- tert-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB)作為客發光體材料，選擇TPB3作為主發光體材料是因其具有良好的穩定性及高效率、高亮度的特性，且經由光譜的分析得知其轉移能量給DCJTB的能力相當優異。
經過實驗之後得知，TPB3膜厚為400 Å為最佳膜厚及DCJTB摻雜濃度為2%是最佳紅光元件的條件，我們使用的元件結構為ITO(1300 Å)/NPB(650 Å)/ TPB3: 2% DCJTB(400 Å)/ Alq3(300Å) /LiF(8Å)/Al(2000 Å)。
我們得到最大亮度可達到70600 cd/m2(at 13.5V)，且效率高、效率穩定性極佳，最大發光效率為4.83 cd/A，最大功率效率為3.7 lm/W；在電流密度為20 mA/cm2時，發光效率為4.38 cd/A，功率效率為2.12 lm/W。且在3.5 V~13.5 V的操作電壓範圍內(對應電流密度為0~1600 mA/cm2)，發光效率均可維持在4.12~4.83 cd/A之間，功率效率也均可維持在1 lm/W以上，色純度亦佳，其CIE座標為(0.63，0.37)。
在第二部分的白光元件中，我們使用1,3,5-Tri(1-pyrenyl) benzene(TPB3)作為主發光體材料，並以4-(dicyanomethylene)-2- tert-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB)作為紅光共摻雜材料及di(4-fluorophenyl)aminodi (styryl)biphenyl (DSB)作為藍光共摻雜材料。
經由實驗之後得知，0.6% DCJTB + 10% DSB為最佳的摻雜濃度，
我們使用的元件結構為ITO(1300 Å)/NPB(650 Å)/ TPB3: 10% DSB:
0.6% DCJTB (400 Å)/ Alq3(300Å) /LiF(8Å)/Al(2000 Å)。
我們使用最簡單製程的單層發光層而能得到三色混合的全波段白光，其最大亮度為81000cd/m2(at 14V)，且元件效率穩定性極佳，在4 V~14.5 V的操作電壓範圍內均可維持發光效率在4 cd/A以上，功率效率在1 lm/W以上，而最大發光效率及最大功率效率亦可達
5.9 cd/A及3.2 lm/W。且光色隨電壓漂移幅度小，在4 V~14.5 V的操作電壓範圍內，其CIE座標可維持在(0.39，0.44)~(0.34，0.38)之內。

This research includes two parts as mentioned: (I) High efficiency red organic electroluminescent devices and (II) High efficiency white organic electroluminescent devices with broadband EL emission spectrum based on a single emitting layer.
In part (I), we fabricated the high efficiency red organic electroluminescent devices incorporating 1,3,5-Tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene(TPB3) as the host material and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) as the dopant. The highly efficient energy transfer arose as a result of (i) perfect overlap between the PL spectrum of TPB3 and the absorption spectrum of DCJTB and (ii) the high fluorescence quantum yield of TPB3. A device having the configuration ITO(1300 Å)/ NPB(650 Å)/ TPB3: 2% DCJTB(400 Å) / Alq3(300Å) / LiF(8Å) / Al(2000 Å) exhibited a maximum luminance at 13.5V of 70600 cd/m2, ca. four times higher than that of the device using Alq3 as the host material at the same potential. The device’s current efficiency was 4.38 cd/A and its power efficiency was 2.12 lm/W at 20 mA/cm2;the maximum current and power efficiencies were 4.83 cd/A and 3.7 lm/W, respectively. The current and power efficiencies were greater than 4 cd/A and 1 lm/W, respectively, over the large range of potentials (3.5~13.5V) with good Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.63,0.37). These results indicate that searching for a suitable host material is a promising approach toward achieving high-efficiency red OLEDs.
In part (II), we fabricated high-efficiency and color-stable broadband white organic electroluminescent devices based on a single emission layer, incorporating a green light-emitting host material which has large band gap and large Stoke’s shift, doped with a red and a blue dye. TPB3 was used as the host material, and the red and blue light-emitting dyes were DCJTB and di(4-fluorophenyl)aminodi(styryl)biphenyl (DSB), respectively. A device having a simple configuration ITO(1300 Å) / NPB(650 Å) /TPB3: 10% DSB:
0.6% DCJTB(400 Å)/ Alq3(300Å) / LiF(8Å)/Al(2000 Å) exhibited a broadband white emission with a maximum luminance at 14.0 V of 81000 cd/m2, maximum current efficiency of 5.9 cd/A at 10.0 V, maximum power efficiency of 3.2 lm/W at 4.0 V. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34,0.38) changed slightly over the large range of potentials (4~14.5 V). The high-efficiency、high-bright and color-stable may be attributed to the high electroluminescence character of the host and the dopants, relatively high energy transfer from host to red dopant, and effective carrier-direct-recombination on a blue dopant, and the confinement of charge recombination zone in a single layer.

誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 IV
目錄 .VI
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1有機發光二極體的發展與歷史沿革…………………1
1-2 OLED元件的基本結構……………………………2
1-3 OLED元件基本發光原理…………………………5
1-4 OLED元件材料之介紹……………………………7
1-4-1高分子發光材料………………………………8
1-4-2小分子發光材料介紹……………………………9
1-5 OLED發光效率之定義和測量方法………………19
1-6 OLED的色彩鑑定…………………………………23
第二章 理論基礎與實驗動機 26
2-1 OLED能量轉移機制…………………………………26
2-1-1 Förster 能量轉移機制………………………28
2-1-2 Dexter能量轉移機制…………………………33
2-2 OLED掺雜技術……………………………………34
2-3 摻雜染料濃度淬熄效應……………………………36
2-4 實驗動機……………………………………………37
第三章 實驗步驟 40
3-1 實驗流程及儀器簡介………………………………40
3-1-1實驗架構…………………………………………….40
3-1-2 實驗藥品…………………………………………41
3-1-3 實驗分析儀器……………………………………41
3-2有機電激發光元件製程之分類 46
3-3小分子OLED之製作流程介紹 47
3-3-1基板ITO玻璃前處理 49
3-3-2有機材料蒸鍍 54
3-3-3陰極蒸鍍 63
3-3-4封裝製程…………………………………………64
3-4元件製作與量測……………………………………65
第四章 結果與討論 68
4-1發光層主發光體材料厚膜最佳化……………………68
4-2高效率紅光元件 74
4-3高效率單層全波段白光元件 95
第五章 總結 118
參考文獻 120

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