臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Entrepreneurship involves mobilizing resources in pursuit of opportunities in the founding of new businesses (Aldrich, 1990). Entrepreneurs and small business owners add to the innovation of an economy therefore initiating entrepreneurship is key to the level of economic growth in terms of productivity and per capita incomes (Acs, Carlsson and Karlsson, 1999). This paper aims to look at two successful economies Ireland and Taiwan, and analyze the driving forces behind the success of each economy by looking at the entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in society using modified elements of Porter’s Diamond.

Entrepreneurship is well accepted as an important contributor to economic growth, employment, innovation and competitiveness. Studies have attempted to explain the creation of new ventures from a number of different theoretical perspectives such as economics (Brenner, 1987), psychology (Katz, 1992; Bird; 1992) and population ecology (Aldrich, 1990) while these perspectives are different they share some common characteristics. Such as agreeing that a business opportunity will result in some value focused on the individual entrepreneur, secondly the circumstances or environment that supports business venturing and the timing of the events involved in the process is important, thirdly that the venture creation process differs depending on the types of ventures, i.e., technology-based or non-technology-based.

Wennekers and Thurik (1999) attribute economic growth through entrepreneurship to three main processes or entrepreneurial activities, enhanced competition, innovations, and employment growth through firm start-ups. Knowledge and flexibility are also described as key factors in entrepreneurship, knowledge is a factor of production characterized by uncertainty and the flexibility of the entrepreneur becomes the ability to adapt to changes in the economy.

Policy makers on the island of Ireland and the island of Taiwan have increasingly focused on the importance of fostering innovation and an environment that is supportive to entrepreneurship. This report looks at the two successful innovative countries; Ireland and Taiwan and how they compare in different areas of innovation and entrepreneurship. In 2007 Ireland’s market growth reached 5% while Taiwan’s rose to 5.5%. This shows the opportunities that have been created and the effort the government is putting in to achieve the goal of moving into a more knowledge based economy. Both countries have shown immense competitiveness and forward thinking and continue to make provisions to evolve and improve.

Ireland aims to use its knowledge for economic and social progress within an innovation driven economy and is planning to become internationally renowned for the excellence of its research. Similarly Taiwan’s plan to become more innovative has been spurred on by its incredible levels of competitiveness and forward thinking. Both countries can attribute much of their success to the strength of their education, research, innovation, strength of human capital and positive attitude to strive for success.

Entrepreneurship involves mobilizing resources in pursuit of opportunities in the founding of new businesses (Aldrich, 1990). Entrepreneurs and small business owners add to the innovation of an economy therefore initiating entrepreneurship is key to the level of economic growth in terms of productivity and per capita incomes (Acs, Carlsson and Karlsson, 1999). This paper aims to look at two successful economies Ireland and Taiwan, and analyze the driving forces behind the success of each economy by looking at the entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in society using modified elements of Porter’s Diamond.

Entrepreneurship is well accepted as an important contributor to economic growth, employment, innovation and competitiveness. Studies have attempted to explain the creation of new ventures from a number of different theoretical perspectives such as economics (Brenner, 1987), psychology (Katz, 1992; Bird; 1992) and population ecology (Aldrich, 1990) while these perspectives are different they share some common characteristics. Such as agreeing that a business opportunity will result in some value focused on the individual entrepreneur, secondly the circumstances or environment that supports business venturing and the timing of the events involved in the process is important, thirdly that the venture creation process differs depending on the types of ventures, i.e., technology-based or non-technology-based.

Wennekers and Thurik (1999) attribute economic growth through entrepreneurship to three main processes or entrepreneurial activities, enhanced competition, innovations, and employment growth through firm start-ups. Knowledge and flexibility are also described as key factors in entrepreneurship, knowledge is a factor of production characterized by uncertainty and the flexibility of the entrepreneur becomes the ability to adapt to changes in the economy.

Policy makers on the island of Ireland and the island of Taiwan have increasingly focused on the importance of fostering innovation and an environment that is supportive to entrepreneurship. This report looks at the two successful innovative countries; Ireland and Taiwan and how they compare in different areas of innovation and entrepreneurship. In 2007 Ireland’s market growth reached 5% while Taiwan’s rose to 5.5%. This shows the opportunities that have been created and the effort the government is putting in to achieve the goal of moving into a more knowledge based economy. Both countries have shown immense competitiveness and forward thinking and continue to make provisions to evolve and improve.

Ireland aims to use its knowledge for economic and social progress within an innovation driven economy and is planning to become internationally renowned for the excellence of its research. Similarly Taiwan’s plan to become more innovative has been spurred on by its incredible levels of competitiveness and forward thinking. Both countries can attribute much of their success to the strength of their education, research, innovation, strength of human capital and positive attitude to strive for success.

Contents

1. Introduction 1
1.1 Aims of Study 2
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Methodology 3

2 Background Information 7
2.1 Background Information - Ireland 7
2.1.1 Ireland’s economic progression 8
2.1.2 Ireland’s Industry 9
2.2 Background Information - Taiwan 12
2.2.1 Taiwan’s economic progression 13
2.2.2 Taiwan’s Industry 14
2.3 Definition of Innovation 17
2.4 Definition of Entrepreneurship 18
2.4.1 Other views of Entrepreneurship 19
2.5 Definition of Economy 22
2.5.1 Taiwan and Ireland’s Economy 22

3 Literature Review 25
3.1 Michael Porter’s Diamond 25
3.1.1 Factor Conditions 26
3.2 Defining International Entrepreneurship 29
3.2.1 Entrepreneurial Internationalization 30
3.3 Information and Technology Transfer 31
3.3.1 Risk Taking 33
3.4 National Innovation Systems 34
3.4.1 The national innovation systems approach 35
3.5 The definition and Measurement of Innovation 37
3.5.1 Measuring Innovation 37
3.6 The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2005 The Irish Report 40
3.6.1 Characteristics 41
3.6.2 Starting an entrepreneurial venture 43
3.7 Ranking National Innovative Capacity 48
3.7.1 The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity 49
3.8 The Competitive Advantage of Taiwan 53
3.8.1 Resource driven economy 54
3.8.2 Investment driven economy 54
3.8.3 Innovation driven economy 55
3.8.4 Taiwan’s current position 55
3.8.5 Limits of the current strategy 55
3.9 Key Findings of Literature Review 58
3.9.1 Measuring Innovativeness 60
3.9.2 Entrepreneurship in Ireland 61
3.9.3 Competitiveness 62
3.9.4 Taiwan’s focus 64

4 Study Findings 66
4.1 Factor Conditions 66
4.1.1 Growing a Knowledge Economy 67
4.1.2 Creating Value through Innovation 69
4.1.3 What makes an Entrepreneur? 71
4.2 Demand Conditions 74
4.2.1 How Society Influences demand and Creates Entrepreneurs 75
4.3 Related Supported Industries 78
4.4 Strategy, Structure and Rivalry 84
4.4.1 Strategy 86
4.4.1 Strategy 86
4.4.2 Market Structure 88
4.5 Role of the Government in Creating an Entrepreneurial Society 90
4.5.1 Competition Law 95
4.5.2 Tax Policies 96

5 Statistical Analysis 98
5.1 Questionnaire Design 98
5.2 Analysis of Results 99
5.2.1 Irish Results 99
5.2.2 Taiwanese Results 104

6 Conclusions and Recommendations 118

Appendix 1 121

Appendix 2 122

Appendix 3 123

Appendix 4 124

References 125

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