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研究生:潘素琴
研究生(外文):Shu-Chin Pan
論文名稱:農藥引發青鱂魚紅血球變形之毒性作用
論文名稱(外文):Induction of erythrocyte alterations in the Japanese Medaka , Oryzias latipes , by common pesticides(methomyl and butachlor)
指導教授:黃寶貴
指導教授(外文):Bao-Quey Huang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱:環境生物與漁業科學學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:漁業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:57
中文關鍵詞:青鱂魚殺蟲劑除草劑微核
外文關鍵詞:Japanese MedakaOryzias latipespesticideherbicidemicronucleus
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摘要

本研究探討水田常用的殺蟲劑納乃得(methomyl)與除草劑丁基拉草(butachlor)對青鱂魚(Oryzias latipes)之紅血球引發微核(micronuclei, MN)及細胞變形之毒性作用。利用微核及紅血球形態改變的判別技術,期能建立一套簡便、非破壞性且精確有效之環境污染檢測方法,以了解青鱂魚做為水質監測之生物指標的可行性。

紅血球細胞形態改變的現象包括:細胞的外緣形狀改變、鋸齒狀、細胞質變形或溶解。不同濃度之納乃得實驗組中,紅血球外形之各項改變差異不明顯;但在丁基拉草實驗組中,則明顯的會隨著濃度升高而增加。細胞核形態改變:細胞核形態改變的主要現象有核裂、核溶、空核等現象。納乃得實驗組中細胞核形態改變是隨著濃度升高而遞增。丁基拉草實驗組中2ppm和3ppm則是濃度升高卻出現遞減現象,主要是因為細胞核溶解嚴重,造成能夠被觀察的細胞核數量下降,因此對於這兩種農藥,青鱂魚可作為細胞毒性(cytotoxicity)之判斷指標。

實驗結果顯示:青鱂魚對殺蟲劑納乃得和除草劑丁基拉草的微核反應並不明顯,微核發生率並未隨著污染濃度升高而增加,尤其是丁基拉草,微核的反應並不明顯,故對於這兩種農藥,青鱂魚作為測試基因毒性(genotoxicity)的指標性魚種則有待更深入的探討。此外,兩種農藥的半致死濃度與田間建議使用的濃度相比較,殺蟲劑納乃得96hr-LC50為2.65ppm接近於田間推薦使用的濃度2.3ppm,而除草劑丁基拉草的各項半致死濃度均遠高於田間所推薦使用的濃度(表三),由此可見丁基拉草的使用對青鱂魚的危害甚大。

關鍵字:青鱂魚、殺蟲劑、除草劑、微核。
Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the toxic effects of two common pesticides ( insecticide and herbicide) on Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). The micronucleus tests examined after 96 hours exposure of 3 different concentrations(1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ppm) of Methomyl and Butachlor, were studied in order to find out the risk of aquatic ecosystems due to the genotoxicity of pesticides. The results are summarized as follow:

1. The occurrence frequencies of micronucleus were slightly increased with dose- dependent response in methomyl experiments.

2. After exposure in common pesticides, erythrocytes were induced to cellular transformations: spherocytes, anisocytosis, echinocytes, vacuolation and haemolysis.

3. Nuclear abnormalities other than micronuclei were found such as notched nuclei, blebbed nuclei, diffused nuclear amterial and enucleated cells.


Key words: Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes), pesticide, herbicide, micronucleus
目錄

中文摘要………………………………………………………………….1
英文摘要………………………………………………………………….3
壹、前 言…………………………………………………………….4
貳、材料與方法…………………………………………………………13
一、實驗魚來源………………………………………………..…..13
二、試驗用農藥……………………………………………..……..13
三、實驗內容……………………………………………..………..14
叁、結 果……………………………………………………………18
一、24、48、72及96小時半數致死(LC50)毒性試驗….……18
二、血球中微核發生及形態變化…………………………………18
肆、討 論……………………………………………………………22
伍、結 論……………………………………………………………30
陸、參考文獻………………………………………………………..…..32
表一 ~ 表七…………………………………………………..…………39
圖一 ~ 圖十二………………………………………………..…………46
陸、參考文獻

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