臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Due to limited energy of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, an energy-efficient routing protocol with static clustering and dynamic structure (ERP-SCDS) is designed in this paper to prolong the network lifetime. With the aid of virtual points in a corona-based wireless sensor network, static clusters with dynamic structures are formed in ERP-SCDS. Moreover, next-round cluster heads are selected in advance to avoid a deadlock when the old cluster heads die. Finally, a simple relay node selection mechanism instead of a complicated multi-hop route discovery algorithm is further designed for ERP-SCDS. Incorporating these mechanisms into ERP-SCDS enables it to form balanced cluster sizes to prolong the network lifetime. Via simulations, we demonstrate that ERP-SCDS outperforms some closely related protocols in the literature.

Abstract i
Contents i
List of Tables iv
List of Figures v
1 Introduction 1
2 Network and Energy Dissipation Models 5
2.1 Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Energy Dissipation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 The Proposed Solution 7
3.1 Initialization of Static Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2 Cluster Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Next-Round Cluster Head Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 Route Discovery and Relay Node Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5 Steady-State Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 Simulation Results and Discussions 13
4.1 Detailed Simulation Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.1 Small-area network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.2 Medium-area network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.3 Determination of the number of clusters for ERP-SCDS . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2.1 Ratio of single-node clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2.2 Coe cient of variation of cluster size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2.3 Clustering energy dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2.4 Route discovery energy dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.5 Number of hops in inter-cluster routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.6 Network lifetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5 Conclusions 20
Bibliography 20

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