臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

車用導航產品日趨成熟，儼然成為大眾經常使用的消費性電子產品之一，雖然語音撥放的重要性高於導航的圖像式介面，但是語音亦有稍縱即逝的缺點，反之圖像式介面卻可以使駕駛者重新檢視。並且有鑑於市面上導航圖像式介面，各大廠牌差異頗大，何者介面安排可以降低駕駛者駕駛失敗率，提升行車安全，為本研究目標。
本研究首先以文獻探討與收集2008到2009年最新上市的導航機型介面的方式，調查影響駕駛者最大的圖像示介面。本研究設定變數：六種路況(快速道路下橋、主次要道路右轉、主次要道路左轉、主次要道路上橋、服務道路右轉、服務道路左轉)；兩種方向倒數介面(大、小介面圖示)；三種擬真畫面(無、半畫面、全畫面)以及兩種擬真畫面出現的時機(道路速限*2.5、當時車速*2.5)。配合虛擬實境研究室的駕駛模擬器、導航螢幕模擬，進行模擬駕駛。效標以駕駛正確率之客觀評量與心智負荷主觀評量為評估數據。
經研究後發現，在大部分的路況下，大的方向倒數介面明顯優於小介面；有擬真畫面的版本駕駛正確率高於無擬真畫面；而其中時機變數方面，依照車速作調整擬真畫面出現時機，其駕駛正確率高於以道路速限做調整的時機。若擬真畫面出現時機以當時車速*2.5秒做修正，可以明顯改善駕駛效率與安全，達到行車安全的目的。

With driving simulator as the tool, the researcher explores graphic interfaces of navigation system in the market. The purpose is to enhance correct driving turning and reduce driving load for higher driving safety.
Based on the navigation system in the market between 2008 and 2009, elements of affecting interface are investigated. Independent variables: six road conditions (going down from bridge rapidly from the roads, turning right on major/secondary roads, turning left on major/secondary roads, going up the bridge from major/secondary roads, turning right on service roads, and turning left on service roads); reciprocal interface of two directions (large and small icons); three simulation pictures (none, half picture and full picture) and distance between appearance of two simulation pictures in meters (road speed per hour *2.5 seconds, when car speed per hour *2.5 second).
Under most of road conditions, reciprocal interface of large direction is better than that of small direction; driving accuracy with simulation pictures is higher than that without; appearance timing of simulation pictures adjusted to car speed is better than that to road speed limit.

謝誌 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRAC Tiii
目錄 iv
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究限制 2
1.4研究架構 3
第二章 文獻探討與現況調查 5
2.1駕駛行為 5
2.1.1感知與反應時間 5
2.1.2駕駛注意力 6
2.1.3駕駛行為模式 7
2.1.4瞥視 8
2.2路況 11
2.2.1道路分類 11
2.2.2駕駛路況分類 11
2.3介面 12
2.3.1導航介面元素分類 12
2.3.2介面顯示方式現況 13
2.4時機 13
2.4.1聽覺提示時機與視覺導航 13
2.5模擬器相關研究 14
2.6測量準則 16
2.6.1主要作業量測 16
2.6.2心智負荷主觀量測準則 16
2.7車用導航系統螢幕位置 17
2.8真實度 18
2.9文獻與研究關聯性 18
第三章 先期研究 20
3.1現有車用導航系統產品之顯示介面調查 20
3.2現有車用導航系統產品之駕駛模擬評估 20
3.2.1實驗變數設定 21
3.2.1.1路況 21
3.2.1.2方向倒數 22
3.2.1.3擬真實景圖 23
3.2.1.4時機 24
3.3實驗設備 24
3.3.1駕駛模擬艙設定 25
3.3.2資料擷取設備 26
3.3.3虛擬實境場景製作軟體選用 27
3.3.4駕駛參數操控設定 28
3.3.5軟硬體整合 29
第四章 實驗設計與規劃 31
4.1實驗受測者 31
4.2駕駛道路與速限設定 31
4.3實驗流程 32
4.4數據分析 35
第五章 結果與討論 36
5.1駕駛正確與否的資料判讀方式 36
5.2客觀評量之結果與討論分析 38
5.2.1敘述性統計 38
5.2.2駕駛正確與否之影響變數 39
5.2.3駕駛路況與介面搭配結果分析 43
5.3受測者主觀建議 49
5.3.1NASA-TLX主觀評量表 49
5.3.2使用者態度 53
第六章 結論與建議 55
6.1結論 55
6.1.1方向倒數介面之大小問題 55
6.1.2擬真圖示介面之大小問題 55
6.1.3擬真畫面出現時機 57
6.2後續建議 57
文獻參考 59
附件Ⅰ駕駛模擬操作主觀評量問卷 66
附件Ⅱ 市售產品調查 69

ABSTRACT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND 1
CHAPTER 2 CURRENT SITUATION STUDY 5
2.1Survey of current GPS product display interface 5
2.1.1Experiment variable -road conditions 5
2.1.2Experiment variable-direction reciprocal 6
2.1.3Experiment variable-simulation pictures 8
2.1.4Experiment variable-timing 8
2.1.5Driving simulation cabin setup 9
2.1.6Driving parameter control setup 10
2.1.7Software/hardware integration11
CHAPTER 3 Experiment design and planning 12
3.1Testees and process 12
3.2Roads and speed limit setup 12
CHAPTER 4 Conclusions and discussions 15
4.1Judgment of driving accuracy 15
4.2Objective evaluation results and discussion/analysis 16
4.2.1Descriptive statistics 16
4.2.2Driving accuracy influence variables 17
4.2.3Analysis of road conditions and interface collocation 20
4.3Subjective suggestions of testees 24
4.3.1NASA-TLX subjective evaluation scale 24
4.3.2Users’ attitudes 30
CHAPTER 5 Conclusions and suggestions 31
5.1Issues of sizes of direction reciprocal interface 31
5.2Issues of simulation picture interface sizes 31
5.3Appearance timing of simulation pictures 32
5.4Ensuing suggestions 32
Reference 34

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