臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　創新創業已為全球的顯學，在經濟環境變化快速與不確定性下，中小企業如何獲取資源及運用有限的資源為企業生存發展的重要關鍵。創育機構則為一具有網絡關係資源的機構組織，是培育中小企業的輔導平台。本研究為了解企業如何運用創育機構網絡關係使擁有的資源與獲得的資源間創造加乘效果於企業的經營績效中呈現，而創育機構又是如何運用其網絡關係對企業進行輔導使企業增加資源創造出經營績效，為本研究主要探討問題。
　　經回顧相關文獻，本研究將企業資源分為實體資產、金融資產、無形資產及能力；並將創育機構網絡關係類型分為七大類：技術服務網絡、商業專業知識網絡、行銷推廣網絡、資金網絡、國際發展網絡、人際網絡及行政支援網絡；創業階段則分為創業前階段、新創階段、成長擴張階段、穩定階段；企業經營績效則分為財務績效與非財務績效。本研究採取質性研究，以創業階段中成長擴張階段之中小企業為主要探討對象，並針對四家企業訪談內容以企業資源、創育機構網絡關係與企業經營績效深入探討其互動關係。
　　透過本研究之研究結果得出本研究之結論：(1)資金資源為所有企業發展多項資源的基礎條件，與其他資源間相互影響，為企業成長擴張階段所需之重要資源；管理能力中人力資源可視為企業技術發展的重要環節，是技術創業企業發展過程中需創育機構協助之重要資源。(2)創育機構網絡關係係透由創育機構經理人與輔導顧問進行多項資源鏈結與輔導，實體資產透由創育機構行政支援網絡提供營運空間協助企業資源取得；金融資產透由政府計畫與貸款等資金網絡取得；無形資產透由行銷推廣網絡發展企業品牌；在能力資源上則以技術服務網絡、商業專業知識網絡、人際網絡等使企業補足技術與企業經營能力資源需求，透過創育機構各項網絡關係以創造企業各項資源之間的互補與加乘效果。(3)多元運用創育機構網絡關係資源協助企業資源獲得，將使成長擴張階段企業快速成長。希望透過本研究之成果提供創育機構在實務上輔導企業網絡關係運用評估之參考。

　Seeking for innovation and start-up have become a global phenomenon. However, rapid change characterizes dynamic environments and how to acquire and make the best of limited resources is essential for start-ups to survival. Business incubators can increase start-up companies’ survival rates by providing guidance and network-related resources to support the entrepreneurial process. Accordingly, on the one hand, the study aims to explore how enterprises leverage the resources gained from incubators’ relational networks for their survive. On the other hand, this study also explores how incubators facilitate their relational network to guide start-ups.
　Based on the previous research, the enterprise resources can be classified as physical assets, financial assets, intangible assets, and capabilities. Also, incubators’ relational networks can be categorized as a technical service network, business know-how network, marketing promotion network, capital network, international development network, interpersonal network and administrative support network. The start-up phase can be separated into four different stages including the pre-start-up stage, start-up stage, growth and expansion stage, and stable stage; the business performance can be divided as financial performance and non-financial performance.
　This study by means of qualitative research, aims to explore four small and medium-sized enterprises (SEMs) in the growth and expansion stage of the entrepreneurial stage. Furthermore, it goes further to discusses the interaction of the enterprise resources, the network relationship of incubators’ and the business performance of these four SEMs.
　The conclusions of this study are as follows: Firstly, for start-ups, the capital resource is still the most essential and fundamental to leverage the other resources in the growth and expansion stage. However, the human resources of management capacity plays an important role in the development of companies’ technologies, in particular for technological start-ups. Secondly, the resources integration of incubators’ relational networks are enacted by incubator manager and the counseling consultants. Via the administrative support network of incubators to provide the physical assets to acquire enterprise resources with the operating space. Obtaining the financial assets by means of incubators’ capital network, e.g., government plans and loans. Supporting from incubators’ marketing promotion network, the SEMs develop their enterprise brand seen as their intangible assets. The SEMs supplement technology and business management resources via incubators’ capabilities, technical service network, business know-how network, and their interpersonal network. Furthermore, the SEMs create the complementarity and multiplication effects between the various resources through the network relationship of incubators. The third, employing varied resources from the network relationships of incubators, the SEMs grow rapidly in the stage of growth and expansion.
　It is hoped that through the results of this research, this study can provide some suggests as references for the evaluation techniques employed when incubators are consulting new startups in practice regarding their network relationships.

明志科技大學經營管理系碩士班口試委員會審定書
誌謝
中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
第一章　緒論
1.1　研究背景與動機1
1.2　研究問題與目的
1.3　研究流程
第二章　文獻探討
2.1　資源
2.1.1 資源基礎理論
2.1.2 資源的內涵與分類
2.1.3 核心資源的特性
2.2　創育機構
2.2.1 創育機構定義
2.2.2 創育機構類型與功能
2.3　網絡
2.3.1 網絡的定義
2.3.2 網絡的關係與類型
2.3.3 創育機構網絡關係
2.4　創業階段
2.5　經營績效
第三章　研究方法
3.1　研究架構
3.2　研究設計
3.2.1 質性研究
3.2.2 個案研究
3.2.3 資料蒐集
3.2.4 個案訪談流程
3.2.5 訪談大綱設計
3.3　研究對象
第四章　個案研究與分析
4.1　個案公司簡介
4.1.1 A公司
4.1.2 B公司
4.1.3 C公司
4.1.4 D公司
4.2　個案訪談內容分析
4.2.1 企業資源
4.2.2 企業取得創育機構網絡關係資源
4.2.3 企業經營績效
4.3　分析結果與比較
第五章　結論與建議
5.1　研究結論
5.2　管理意涵
5.3　研究限制與後續研究建議
5.3.1 研究限制
5.3.2 後續研究建議
參考文獻
中文部分
英文部分
網站部分
附錄一 個案公司訪談大綱


圖目錄
圖1.1研究流程圖
圖2.1 資源基礎取向之策略分析
圖2.2 核心資源特性
圖2.3育成中心系統
圖2.4 育成網絡體系互動概念圖
圖3.1 研究架構圖
圖3.2 個案訪談流程
圖4.1 分析架構
圖4.2 A公司原有資源與創育機構網絡關係獲得與經營績效關係圖
圖4.3 A公司透過創育機構網絡關係補足之資源關係圖
圖4.4 A公司資源、運用創育機構網絡關係與經營績效關係圖
圖4.5 B公司原有資源與創育機構網絡關係獲得與經營績效關係圖
圖4.6 B公司透過創育機構網絡關係補足之資源關係圖
圖4.7 B公司資源、運用創育機構網絡關係與經營績效關係圖
圖4.8 C公司原有資源與創育機構網絡關係獲得與經營績效關係圖
圖4.9 C公司透過創育機構網絡關係補足之資源關係圖
圖4.10 C公司資源、運用創育機構網絡關係與經營績效關係圖
圖4.11 D公司原有資源與創育機構網絡關係獲得與經營績效關係圖
圖4.12 D公司透過創育機構網絡關係補足之資源關係圖
圖4.13 D公司資源、運用創育機構網絡關係與經營績效關係圖
圖5.1 創育機構網絡關係資源鏈結協助關係圖

表目錄
表1.1 2013-2017年台灣地區中小企業家數及比率-以經營年數
表1.2 2013-2017年台灣地區大企業家數及比率-以經營年數
表2.1 策略性資源的內涵
表2.2育成中心類型分類表
表2.3育成中心功能與服務項目類別
表2.4 育成中心的價值因素
表2.5創業階段彙整表
表2.6 經營績效衡量指標彙整表
表3.1 本研究企業資源定義彙整表
表3.2 本研究經營績效定義彙整表
表3.3 執行研究方法適用情況彙整表
表3.4 訪談大綱設計面向彙整表
表3.5 個案研究公司基本資料表
表3.6 訪談個案公司對象與時間彙整表
表3.7 個案公司次級資料蒐集彙整表
表4.1 A公司企業發展歷程
表4.2 B公司企業發展歷程
表4.3 C公司企業發展歷程
表4.4 D公司企業發展歷程
表4.5 四間企業成長擴張階段原有資源歸納分析表
表4.6 四間企業成長擴張階段所需資源歸納分析表
表4.7 企業取得創育機構網絡關係資源歸納分析表
表4.8 企業透過創育機構網絡關係創造企業經營績效歸納分析表
表4.9 個案公司資源與網絡資源獲得分析比較表
表5.1 企業所需創育機構資源比較表
表5.2 企業成長擴張階段所需創育機構網絡關係資源彙整表
表5.3 四間個案公司運用創育機構網絡關係資源與經營績效彙整表

中文文獻
1.王文祺(2005)。網絡關係改變與組織結構發展之關聯性研究-以台灣紡織業為例。淡江大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
2.司徒達賢(1995)。策略管理。台北：遠流。
3.江元彬(2004)。創新育成中心經營策略及其績效之研究。國立台北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文。
4.李美玲(2003)。育成中心進駐廠商之組織學習與創新績效之研究-內外部網路觀點。長榮大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
5.吳思華(1996)。策略九說。台北市：臉譜出版社。
6.吳思華(2000)。策略九說：策略思考的本質。PP.128，台北：麥田。
7.吳萬益(1996)。台美日企業在台灣及大陸企業經營環境及競爭策略之研究。台大管理論叢書，7(1)，49-84。
8.林伯恒(2016)。創業生態系統中育成經營轉型策略之研究。國立交通大學科技管理研究所博士論文。
9.洪鉛財(1998)。創新育成中心培育機制與進駐戶需求屬性配合對培育績效影響之研究。臺北：國科會。
10.陳志強(2012)。機會辨識、網絡關係與核心資源累積-以新創廠商為例。國立臺北大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
11.郭宗銘(2002)。以網路觀點探討育成中心進駐廠商之組織學習及績效。長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。
12.袁建中、解鴻年、洪志洋與程明台(1995)。中小企業創新育成中心規劃報告。臺北：經濟部中小企業發展基金。
13.袁建中(1996)。我國中小企業創新育成中心之規劃。規劃學報，23，85-104。
14.張苙雲與譚康榮(1999)。網絡台灣：企業的人情關係與經濟理性，收錄於形構產業網絡，張苙雲(編)，頁 17-64，台北：遠流。
15.張清俊(1998)。新設科技公司進駐創新育成中心所遇問題案例談。國內公民營機構中小企業創新育成中心座談會。台北市：經濟部。
16.黃光國(1988)。中國人的權力遊戲。台北：巨流圖書公司。
17.黃政傑(1996)。質的教育研究：方法與實例。臺北：漢文。
18.資誠聯合會計師事務所(2018)。2018 台灣新創生態圈大調查。台北：資誠聯合會計師事務所。
19.溫肇東與林俊逸(1998)。日韓育成中心的經營與發展。台北：第三屆中小企業發展學術研討會論文集。
20.經濟部(2018)。2018年中小企業白皮書。台北：經濟部。
21.經濟部中小企業處(2017)。2017育成小冊-育成拔尖 特色加值。台北：經濟部中小企業處。
22.齊力、林本炫編(2003)。質性研究方法與資料分析。嘉義縣：南華大學教育社會所。
23.蔡效儒(2005)。網絡關係管理對育成績效影響之研究-以創新育成中心個案為例。實踐大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
24.黎綺雯、何秀青與林欣吾(2011)。從雙邊巿場觀點看政府補助育成中心的政策方向。中小企業發展季刊，20，147-170。
25.潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究：理論與應用。臺北市：心理。
26.劉常勇(1997)。創業投資評估決策程序。會計研究月刊，134，12-30。
27.劉美蓉(2005)。成功創業家生長背景與創業歷程之研究—以青創楷模為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
28.賴杉桂(2002)。創新育成中心資源類型與策略群組對營運績效關係之研究。國立台北大學企業管理學系博士論文。
29.謝科范與晏文勝(2004)。創業企業生命週期與多階段融資方式分析。科學技術與工程，4(4)，303-306。
30.龔鴻裕(1999)。影響中小企業以創業育成中心進行新產品開發行為之相關因素研究。中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
 
英文文獻
1.Aaboen, L. (2009). Explaining incubators using firm analogy. Technovation, 29, 657-670.
2.Allen, D.N. (1985). Small Business Incubators and Enterprise Development. Report Prepared for the U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.
3.Allen, D.N. and McCluskey, R. (1990). Structure, Policy, Services, and Performance in the Business Incubator Industry. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 15(2), 61-77.
4.Allen, D.N. and Rahman, S. (1985). Small Business Incubators: A Positive Environment for Entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 23 (3), 12-22.
5.Baker, T. and Nelson, R.E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entreprenurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 329-366.
6.Barney, J.B. (1986). Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management science, 32(10), 1231-1241.
7.Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm Resourse and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
8.Bird, A. and Beechler, S. (1995). Link between business strategy and Human resource management strategy in U.S.-Based Japanese subsidiaries: An empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies. 26(1), 23-46.
9.Block, Z. and MacMillan, I.C. (1985). Milestones for successful venture planning. Harvard Business Review, 63(5), 184-196.
10.Chatterjee, S. and Wernerfelt, B. (1991). The Link between Resources and Type of Diversification: Theory and Evidence. Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), 33-48.
11.Chen, Y.C. and Li, Y.R. (2006). The construction of a model and scale for assessing technology resources. International Journal of Management, 23(2), 321-334.
12.Collis, D. and Montgomery, C.A. (1995). Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, 73 (July-August), 118-128.
13.Davidson, C.H. (1989). The Business and Industrial Incubator－A Tool for Local Development and Entrepreneurship. Edited by Pierre Go1main. High-Technology Workplace－Integrating Technology, Management, and Design for Productive Work Environments(PP. 97-100). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
14.Dess, G.G. and Robinson, R.B.Jr. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: The case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), 265-273.
15.Grant, R.M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135.
16.Grant, R.M. (2002). Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Concepts, Techniques, Applications (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
17.Gulati, R. (1999). Network Location and Learning: The Influence of Network Resources and Form Capabilities of Alliance Formation. Strategic Management Journal, 20(5), 397-420.
18.Gulati, R., Nohria N., and Zaheer A. (2000). Strategic Networks. [Special Issue]. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 203-215
19.Hakansson, H. (1989). Corporate Technological Behavior- cooperation and networks. London, England: Routledge.
20.Hakim, C. (1982). Secondary analysis in social research: a guide to data sources and methods with examples. (PP.157-171) London, England: George Allen and Unwin.
21.Hall, R. (1993). A Framework Linking Intangible Resources and Capabilities to Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(8), 607-618.
22.Hersen, M. and Barlow, D.H. (1976). Single Case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior Change. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.
23.Hertenstein, J.H. and Platt M.B. (2000). Performance Measures and Management Control in New Product Development. Accounting Horizons: September 2000, 14(3), 303-323.
24.Holt, D.H. (1992). Entrepreneurship: New venture creation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
25.International Business Innovation Association (InBIA) (2017). Operational Definitions: Entrepreneurship Centers (Incubators, Accelerators, Coworking Spaces and Other Entrepreneurial Support Organizations). Retrieved from https://inbia.org/
26.Jarillo, J.C. (1988). On Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal, 9, 31-41.
27.Johnson, J. and Mattson, L.G. (1987). Interorganizational Relations in Industrial System: A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction- Cost Approach. International Studies of Management and Organization, 17(1), 34-48.
28.Johnson, J. and Mattson, L.G. (1988). Internationalisation in Industrial System: A Network Approach. In N. Hood & J.E. Vahlue (Eds.), Strategies in Global Competition (PP.287-314). London, England: Ceoom Helm.
29.Kaman, D.J.F. and Strijker, D. (1995). The Dutch Dairy Sector in A European Perspective. In P.R. Beije & H.O. Nuys (Eds.), The Dutch diamond: the usefulness of Porter in analyzing small countries (PP.105-154). Apeldoorn, Netherland: Garant Uitgevers N V.
30.Kast, F.E. & Rosenzweig, J.E. (1974). Organization and Management: A Systems Approach (2nd Ed.). Tokyo, Japan: McGraw-Hill Kogakusha.
31.Kazanjian, R.K. (1988). Relation of dominant problems of stages of growth in technology-based new venture. Academy of Management Journal, 31(2), 257-279.
32.Kazanjian, R.K. and Drazin, R. (1990). A stage contingent model of design and growth for technology based new ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 5(3),137-150.
33.Knoke, D. and Kuklinski, J.H. (1982). Network Analysis: Basic Concepts, in Market. Hierarchies and Networks: The Coordination of Social Life. (PP. 173-182) London, England: Sage Publication Ltd.
34.Lalkaka, R. (1994). Business Incubator as a Means to Small Enterprise Creation and Growth. International Small Business Congress, 318.
35.Lavie, D. (2006). The competitive advance of interconnected firms: An extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 638-658.
36.Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
37.Mcgee, J.E. and Peterson, M. (2000). Toward the development of measures of distinctive competencies among small independent retailers. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(2), 19-33.
38.Miller, S.M. (1990). The strategic management of technological R&D: an ideal process for the 1990’s. International Journal of Technology Management, 5(2), 153-163.
39.Molnar, L.A., Grimes, D.R., Edelstein, J., Pietro, R.D., Sherman, H., Adkins, D. and Tornatzky, L. (1997). Business Incubation Works: The Result of the Impact of Incubator Investments Study, Athens. Ohio: National Business Incubator Association.
40.National Business Incubation Association (NBIA) (1993). The Evaluation of Business Incubation Projects. (P. Bears, ed. Report Prepared for Economic Development Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Athens) Ohio: NBIA.
41.Nkomo, S.M. (1987). Human Resource Planning and Organization Performance: An Exploratory Analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 8(4), 387-392.
42.Organization Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1992). Business Incubators and Job Creation. Innovation and Employment, Innovation and Employment Newsletter, 9, LEED Program. Paris.
43.Organization Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1997). Technology Incubators: Background Report. Working Group on Innovation and Technology Policy, 1-26.
44.Penrose, E.T. (1959). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
45.Porter, M.E. and Fuller, M.B. (1986). Competition in Global Industries. (PP. 315-343) Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
46.Richardson, P.R., Taylor, A.J. and Gordon, J.R.M. (1985). A Strategic Approach to Evaluating Manufacturing Performance. Interfaces, 15(6), 15-27.
47.Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
48.Smilor, R.W. (1987). Managing the Incubator System: Critical Success Factors to Accelerate New Company Development. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 34(3), 146-149.
49.Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. California, CA: SAGE Publications.
50.Thorelli, H.B. (1986). Networks: Between Markets and Hierarchies. Strategic Management Journal, 7, 37-51.
51.Pennsylvania State University (1984). Small Business Incubator Guidelines 1984-85. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, Advanced Technology Center of Central and Northern Pennsylvania, fall, 1-6.
52.Venkatraman N. and Ramanujam V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approach. Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 801-814.
53.Walker, O.C.Jr. and Ruekert, R.W. (1987). Marketing’s Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework. Journal of Marketing, 51(3), 15-33.
54.Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180.
55.Whetten, D.A. (1982). Interorganizational coordination: Theory, Research and Impletaion. (PP.97-121) Ames: The lowa State University Press.
56.Williamson, O.E. (1975). Market and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York, NY: Free Press.
57.Yin, R.K. (1994). Case Study Reasearch: Design and methods (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.