臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文係針對D類放大器之脈波寬度調變電路，提出一種調整三角波直流位準以改變脈波寬度調變輸出脈波之電路，以及針對脈波寬度調變電路中受到電壓比較器的輸入範圍限制，或是因為比較器非線性誤差而產生錯誤的輸出信號進行修正。
本論文所提出的修正方法將利用三角波之直流位準上下移動時，電壓比較器兩端輸入電壓差距增加，電壓比較器得以正常操作並輸出近似於正確的波形，再利用適當的邏輯閘組成之修正電路，進一步修正電壓比較器之輸出波形以得到正確之輸出脈波。本論文所提出之修正方法可適用於各種脈波寬度調變電路，凡是受限於脈波寬度調變電路中電壓比較器的有限操作範圍以及電晶體臨界電壓等因素而產生的錯誤輸出信號，皆可使用本方法加以修正。
本論文除了詳細敘述工作原理以外，並使用0.35um與0.18um製程參數以HSPICE電路模擬軟體進行模擬以及下線實作；脈波寬度調變信號產生電路經實際量測，使用0.35um製程參數時，供應電壓為3.3V，電路之操作頻率可達3MHz，平均消耗功率為9.12mW；使用0.18um製程參數時，供應電壓為1.8V，電路操作頻率可達3MHz，平均消耗功率為1.51mW。而脈波寬度調變信號產生電路之模擬結果與晶片量測結果大致相同，証明本論文所提出方法之正確性與可行性；本電路預計可應用於通訊系統，以及其他類比信號處理電路之中。

A PWM generator, which uses a level-shifting triangular wave generator to adjust the pulse-width of the output waveform, has been proposed in this thesis. The proposed PWM generator is suitable for class D amplifier. Also, a novel approach to correct the distorted output waveform, which is due to the limited input-range or nonlinearity of the comparator, of the PWM generator has been introduced.
The proposed approach is to shift the dc level of the triangular wave up and down to increase the voltage difference at the input terminals of the comparator. As a result, the output of the comparator will be more analogy to the correct output waveform. A certain logic circuit is used to further modify the waveform, after that the correct output waveform can be obtained. The proposed approach can be applied to general PWM circuit as long as they are suffered from limited linear input range or high transistor threshold voltages.
In addition to the detailed theoretical analysis, the proposed circuit and approach are both simulated with HSPICE simulation program. Also the proposed circuits have been fabricated in 0.35um and 0.18um process respectively. According to the measured results, for 0.35um process when the supply voltage is 3.3V; the operating frequency of the proposed PWM generator is 3MHz. The measured average power consumption is 9.12mW, and for 0.18um process when the supply voltage is 1.8V; the operating frequency of the proposed PWM generator is 3MHz. The measured average power consumption is 1.51mW. Moreover, the measured results and simulation results of the proposed PWM output waveform correcting approach are consistent which verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed approach. The proposed circuit and approach are expected to be useful in communication systems and other analog signal – processing circuits.

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………… ii
誌謝 ………………………………………………………… v
表目錄 ………………………………………………………… viii
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………… iv
符號說明 ………………………………………………………… xiii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究動機與目的……………………………………… 1
1.2 文獻探討……………………………………………… 2
1.3 研究重點……………………………………………… 3
1.4 內容章節……………………………………………… 4
第二章 脈波寬度調變電路…………………………………… 5
2.1 傳統式PWM信號產生電路……………………………… 7
2.1.1 電路架構及工作原理………………………………… 8
2.2 PWM信號產生電路……………………………………… 12
2.2.1 電路架構及工作原理………………………………… 13
第三章 修正PWM信號產生電路輸出波形的方法……………… 17
3.1 傳統PWM錯誤輸出波形..……………………………… 17
3.2 修正方法一...………………………………………… 19
3.2.1 電路架構及工作原理………………………………… 20
3.3 修正方法二…………………………………………… 29
3.3.1 電路架構及工作原理………………………………… 29
第四章 模擬與量測結果……………………………………… 37
4.1 設計流程...…………………………………………… 37
4.2 電路模擬結果...……………………………………… 39
4.2.1 PWM信號產生電路……………………………………… 40
4.2.2 PWM波形修正電路之修正方法一……………………… 59
4.2.3 PWM波形修正電路之修正方法二……………………… 63
4.3 電路晶片實現與晶片量測結果……………………… 78
4.3.1 PWM信號產生電路量測結果…………………………… 78
4.3.2 PWM波形修正電路之修正方法二0.35um製程參數…… 85
4.3.3 PWM波形修正電路之修正方法二0.18um製程參數…… 92
第五章 結論…………………………………………………… 99
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 100
Extended Abstract ………………………………………………………… 103
簡歷(CV) ………………………………………………………… 106

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