臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用電化學的方式，在水溶液中製備聚(3,4-乙烯二氧吩)(poly-3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene, PEDOT) 修飾網版印刷碳電極(SPCE)，接著再用旋轉塗佈的方式將離子液體([BMIM+][Cl-])均勻的修飾在電極表面，成功的製備出SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]修飾電極。在電化學的應用上，以循環伏安法發現SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]修飾電極在pH 7.0環境下偵測N-Acetyl-cystenine (NAC)，分別在0.17 V與0.49 V出現兩個不可逆的氧化峰，而PEDOT修飾電極則只有一個氧化峰在0.49 V，由此推測離子液體修飾電極具有萃取NAC並達到降低NAC氧化電位的效果。此外，也測試其他帶有不同陰離子的離子液體修飾電極(OTf- 、NTf2- 、BF4-、Br-、PF6-)偵測NAC，發現帶有PF6-、Br-的離子液體修飾電極，同樣在0.17 V與0.49 V的地方出現兩個氧化峰。
進一步利用循環伏安法在不同pH值的緩衝溶液中觀察NAC的氧化，發現在pH 7.0時0.17 V的氧化峰會有最大的電流值。用流動注射分析(FIA)，在pH 7.0的PBS下進行NAC的定量工作，其線性濃度範圍為10~600 μM，靈敏度為0.0024 μA/μM，偵測極限(S/N=3)為0.25 μM。

In this study, we modified a thin layer of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) on a bare screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by electrochemical methods, and then ionic liquid ([BMIM+][Cl-]) was fabricated onto SPCE/PEDOT by spin coating. The obtained SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] was employed for the determination of N-Acetyl-L-cystenine (NAC) in pH 7.0 buffer. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed two irreversible oxidation potential of NAC at 0.17 V and 0.49 V. It was suggested that the ionic liquid layer can extract NAC and thus lowered overpotentials. The other ionic liquids with different anions (OTf-, NTf2-, BF4-, Br-, PF6-) were examined for NAC detection, and only Br- and PF6- showed the two oxidation peaks.
Excellent analytical features were achieved by flow injection analysis for determination of NAC under optimized conditions, the linear calibration curve was obtained from 10 μM to 600 μM for NAC and the sensitivity was 0.0024 μA/μM. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.25 μM.

謝誌 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目次 IV
圖目次 VII
表目次 XVI
第一章 簡介 1
1.1 離子液體的性質及應用 1
1.2 導電高分子的原理及應用 9
1.3 乙醯基半胱氨酸的性質與偵測方法 17
1.4 研究目的與動機 24
第二章 實驗部分 25
2.1 藥品 25
2.2 實驗溶液的製備 26
2.2.1 pH 2.0~10.0 buffer 配製 26
2.2.2 修飾溶液的製備 26
2.2.3分析物溶液 27
2.3 儀器 29
2.3.1 電化學儀器 29
2.3.2 三電極系統 29
2.3.3 酸鹼度計 29
2.3.4 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 30
2.3.5 化學分析電子能譜儀(Electron Spectroscope for Chemical Analysis, ESCA) 30
2.3.6 水接觸角儀器(Contact angle) 30
2.4 修飾電極製備 31
第三章 結果與討論 32
3.1 SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM][Cl-]的電化學性質 32
3.2 不同修飾電極的表面鑑定 35
3.2.1 SEM表面與側面 35
3.2.2 AFM 39
3.2.3 接觸角實驗(Contact angle) 43
3.2.4 XPS實驗 45
3.3 電極的性質 48
3.3.1修飾電極之電化學阻抗分析 48
3.3.2 以修飾電極偵測帶負電荷分子 50
3.3.3 以修飾電極偵測帶正電荷分子 52
3.3.4 以修飾電極偵測中性分子 54
3.3.5 以修飾電極偵測thiol 58
3.3.6 沖洗電極的影響 70
3.4 利用修飾電極偵測NAC 71
3.4.1 pH effect 71
3.4.2 Scan rate effect 73
3.4.3 Thiol對修飾電極之吸附現象 74
3.5 修飾電極參數的討論 76
3.5.1 浸泡時間 76
3.5.2 固定秒數的影響 77
3.5.3 固定電位的影響 78
3.5.4 離子液體的選擇 79
3.6 對NAC的定量分析 80
3.6.1 CV偵測NAC的定量分析 80
3.6.2 DPV偵測NAC：參數最佳化 81
3.6.3 以SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]修飾電極對NAC定量分析：DPV方法 86
3.6.4 電流感測法 87
3.6.5 FIA偵測NAC：參數最佳化以及定量分析 88
3.6.6 電化學方法偵測NAC的文獻整理 90
第四章 結論 92
第五章 未來展望 93
參考文獻 94

圖目次
Fig. 1.1 The molecular structure of ionic liquid. 1
Fig. 1.2 Time dependence of the cyclic voltammetric response (scan rate 0.1 V /s) for the reduction of 2.9 mM K3Fe(CN)6 in 0.1 M NaBF4 at a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with 0.70 mg MDIM+BF4- ionic liquid (a) after 30 s, (b) after 2 min, and (c) after 5 min. 2
Fig. 1.3 Cyclic voltammograms of dopamine (1.25×10-3 M),ascorbic acid (1.25 × 10-3 M), and uric acid(1.25 × 10-3 M) at (a) CILE and (b) CPE in PBS, pH 6.8.Scan rate was 50 mV/s . 3
Fig. 1.4 Cyclic voltammogram of 2 mM solution of CySH in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, for (a) CPE, (b) GCE, and (c) CILE. 4
Fig. 1.5 Cyclic voltammogram of 2 mM solution of CySH in phosphate buffer for consecutive scans at (a) CILE and (b) GCE. 5
Fig. 1.6 Cyclic voltammogram of oxidation of 2 mM hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer solution on CILE in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide (a, b), Pd-CILE in the adsence and presence of hydrogen peroxide (c, d), respectively. Scan rate = 100 mV/s. 6
Fig. 1.7 Chronoamperometric current responses of GOx-DMIm (red line) and GOx-DMIm-Au25 electrodes with Gox volume fraction of 0.15 (blue line) and 0.45 (green line) to successive addition (with 100 s interval) of 0.2 mM glucose in a stirred PBS (pH 7) containing 0.1 M KCl. The applied potential was 0.31 V vs Ag/AgCl. 8
Fig.1.8 Structural formulas of most common polymers prepared by electropolymerization. Electronically conducting polymers (a)~(h) polypharaphenylenesulfide, polyacetylene, polypharaphenylene, polythiophene, polypharaphenylenevinylene, polyethylenedioxythiophene, polypyrrole and polyispthianaphthene,respectively. 9
Fig. 1.9 The structure of EDOT and PEDOT. 10
Fig. 1.10 (A) Cyclic voltammograms of the PEDOT/GC electrode (before (curve ‘‘a’’) and after (curve ‘‘b’’) 20 cycling of PEDOT film in pH 7 phosphate buffer aqueous solution with 1 × 10-2 M ammonium molybdate) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) contains 1 × 10-3 M ascorbic acid. Scan rate: 100 mV/s. (B) Cyclic voltammograms of the PEDOT /GC electrode (before (curve ‘‘a’’) and after (curve ‘‘b’’) 20 cycling of PEDOT film in pH 7 phosphate buffer aqueous solution with 1 × 10-2M ammonium molybdate) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 5.5) contains 1 × 10-3 M ascorbic acid. Scan rate: 100 mV/s. Inset shows cyclic voltammogram of molybdenum treated PEDOT film in phosphate buffer solution (pH 5.5). 11
Fig. 1.11 (A) SWVs of the PEDOT/GC electrode in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer aqueous solution with the mixture of dopamine and ascorbic acid in various concentrations. Dopamine：(a) 3 × 10-4, (b) 4 × 10-4, (c) 5 × 10-4, (d) 6 × 10-4, and (e) 7 × 10-4 M. Ascorbic acid: (a) 9 × 10-4, (b) 1.2 × 10-4, (c) 1.5 × 10-3, (d) 1.8 × 10-3, and (e) 2.1 × 10-3 M. The insets (a and b) show a plots of ip,a vs. dopamine and ascorbic acid, respectively. 12
Fig. 1.12 Schematic drawing of electrostatic interaction between ascorbate anion and the PEDOT film. 13
Fig. 1.13 Schematic drawing of hydrophobic interaction between dopamine anion and the PEDOT film. 13
Fig. 1.14 FIA responses for various concentration of cysteine (005-200 μM) at the SPCE/PEDOT electrodes. Carrier solution was pH 6.0 buffer solution with a flow rate of 200 μL/min and an applied potential of 0.65V vs. AgCl. Inset：oxidation current versus concentration of cysteine. 14
Fig. 1.15 Amperometric response of the Pt+PAni+PtNP+GOx electrode after successive addition of glucose in 0.1 M PBS (pH = 5.6) at an applied potential of 0.56 V. The inset is the calibration curve for glucose concentrations from 0.01mM to 8 mM. The red marks were the responses after adding a blind glucose to a flesh PBS solution, where their actual concentrations were compared with the calibration curve. 15
Fig. 1.16 Amperometric responses of the Pt+PAni+PtNP+GOx biosensor upon subsequent additions of 0.1 mM ascorbic acid (AA), 0.05 mM L-cysteine (Cys), 2 mM glutathione (GSH) and 5.6 mM glucose in 0.2 M PBS at +0.56V vs. SCE. 16
Fig. 1.17 Structure of N-Acetyl-cysteine. 17
Fig. 1.18 Voltammograms of 8 × 10-3M NAC at GCE in the absence (b) and presence (d) of 1.5 ×10-3M AFc in 0.2M Na2SO4 solution. Curve c: 1.5 × 10-3 M AFc without NAC. Curve a: 0.2M Na2SO4 in the absence of NAC and AFc. Scan rate: 50 mV/s. 18
Fig. 1.19 Differential pulse voltammograms of AC-RuON-GCE in a 0.1 M phosphate
buffer solution (pH 7.0) containing different concentrations of AA, DA and NAC. Numbers 1–15 correspond to 47.0–181.8 μM of AA, 0.33–1.23 μM of DA, and
8.55–30.30 μM of NAC. Insets: (A)–(C) show the plots of the electrocatalytic peak current as a function of AA, DA, and NAC concentrations, respectively. (D) Shows differential pulse voltammogram of a mixed solution of 162.0 μM of AA, 1.0 μM of DA, and 27.0 μM of NAC at a bare GCE. 19
Fig. 1.20 SWVs of BFT-CNT-GCE in 0.1 M PBS (pH 8.0) containing different concentrations of NAC + FA in μM, from inner to outer: 2.0 + 10.0, 5.0 + 75.0, 7.5 + 125.0, 9.5 + 150.0, 70.0 + 300.0, 175.0 + 500.0, 425.0 + 600.0 and 600.0 + 800.0 respectively. Insets (A) plots of Ip vs. NAC concentration in the first linear segment; (B) as (A) in the second linear segment and (C) plot of Ip vs. FA concentrations. Error bars indicate the standard deviations (n = 3). 20
Fig. 1.21 CV plots of (a) 5 mmol L−1potassium ferrocyanide in the supporting elec-trolyte of 0.1 mol L−1 KCl, (b) 5 mmol L−1 NAC. 21
Fig. 1.22 SWVs of 5ADBCNPE in 0.1 MPBS (pH 7.0) containing different concentrations of DA+AC+FA+NA in μM, from inner to outer: 40.0+225.0+700.0+170.0, 100.0+300.0+800.0+425.0, 150.0+400.0+900.0+630.0,180.0+450.0+950.0+765.0, 225.0+500.0+1100.0+950.0, 300.0+650.0+1200.0+1275.0, 400.0+800.0+1475.0 +1700.0 and 470.0+900.0+1600.0+2000.0 respectively. Insets (A), (B), (C) and (D) plots of Ip vs. DA, AC, FA and NAC concentrations respectively. 22
Fig. 1.23 SWVs of BFCNPE in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.0) containing different concentrations of
NAC+FA in μM, from inner to outer: 0.5+140.0, 2.0+165.0, 7.2+200.0, 9.8+240.0, 140.0+500.0, 250.0+645.0, 400.0+740.0, 470.0+840.0Vand 525.0+970.0 respectively. Insets (A) plots of Ip vs. NAC concentration in the first linear segment; (B) as (A) in the second linear segment and (C) plot of Ip vs. FA concentrations. 23
Fig. 3.1 Cyclic voltammogram for electropolymereization of 0.01 M EDOT with 10 cycles of potential scanning in 0.1 M LiClO4 and 5mM HP-β-CD aqueous solution. Scan rate = 0.1V/s. Working electrode = SPCE. 32
Fig. 3.2 Cyclic voltammogram of SPCE/PEDOT in 0.1M PBS pH 7.0 for 10 cycles. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 33
Fig. 3.3 Cyclic voltammogram of SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in 0.1M PBS pH 7.0 buffer for 5 cycles. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 33
Fig. 3.4 Cyclic voltammograms of (a) bare SPCE, (b) SPCE/PEDOT, and (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 34
Fig. 3.5 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) SPCE, (B)SPCE/PEDOT, (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](before scan), and (D) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](after scan). Magnification of (a) 5K, (b) 10K, (c) 50K. 36
Fig. 3.6 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) SPCE, (B) SPCE/PEDOT. Magnification of (a) 500, (b) 1K. 37
Fig. 3.7 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](before scan) (B) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](after scan). Magnification of (a) 500, (b) 1K. 38
Fig. 3.8 AFM images of (A) SPCE and (B) SPCE/PEDOT. 40
Fig. 3.9 AFM images of (A) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](before scan) and (B)SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](after scan). 41
Fig. 3.10 AFM of cross-section lines for different modified electrodes. 42
Fig. 3.11 Contact angle of (A) bare SPCE, (B) SPCE/PEDOT, (C) SPCE/[BMIM+][Cl-](before scan), and (D) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](after scan). 43
Fig. 3.12 Contact angle of (A) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][BF4-], (B) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Br-], (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][OTf-], and (D) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-]. 44
Fig. 3.13 ESCA spectra of (a) SPCE, (b) SPCE/PEDOT, (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](before scan), and (d) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-](after scan) . 47
Fig. 3.14 Nyquist plots for EIS measurements at (a) SPCE, (b) SPCE/PEDOT, (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] at 0.2 V. Solution was 1 mM K3Fe(CN)6/ K4Fe(CN)6 (1：1) solution containing 0.1 M KCl. 49
Fig. 3.15 (A) Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM K3Fe(CN)6 in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS at (a) SPCE, (b) SPCE/PEDOT, and (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]. Scan rate=0.1V/s. (B) SPCE/PEDOT in 0.1M pH7.0 PBS after electrochemical potential scanning in 1 mM K3Fe(CN)6 solution. (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS after electrochemical potential scanning in 1 mM K3Fe(CN)6 solution. 51
Fig. 3.16 (A)Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM Ru(NH3)Cl3 in 0.1M pH 7.0 PBS at (a) SPCE, (b) SPCE/PEDOT, and (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]. Scan rate = 0.1V/s. (B) SPCE/PEDOT in 0.1M pH7.0 PBS after electrochemical potential scan in 1 mM Ru(NH3)Cl3 solution. (C) is SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS after electrochemical potential scan in 1 mM Ru(NH3)Cl3 solution. 53
Fig. 3.17 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM 2-Ap in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS at (a) SPCE/PEDOT, (b) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][Cl-], and (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-] . Range：-0.2~0.6 V . Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 54
Fig. 3.18 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM 3-AP in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS at (a) SPCE/PEDOT, (b) SPCE/PEDOT/BMIM+][Cl-], and (c) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-] . Range：-0.2~0.6 V . Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 56
Fig. 3.19 Cyclic voltammograms of 1mM 4-AP in 0.1M pH 7.0 PBS at (a) SPCE/PEDOT, (b) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-], and (c) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][PF6-]. Range：-0.2~0.6 V . Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 57
Fig. 3.20 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC pH 7.0 buffer at (A) SPCE/PEDOT, (B) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][Cl-], and (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-] . Range：-0.2~0.8 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 59
Fig. 3.21 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM cysteine pH 7.0 buffer at (A) SPCE/PEDOT, (B) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-], and (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-] . Range：-0.2~0.8 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 62
Fig. 3.22 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM homocysteine pH 7.0 buffer at (A) SPCE/PEDOT, (B) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-], and (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-] . Range：-0.2~0.8 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 65
Fig. 3.23 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM GSH in pH 7.0 buffer at (A) SPCE/PEDOT, (B) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-], and (C) SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][PF6-] . Range：-0.2~0.8 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 68
Fig. 3.24 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]. Range：0~0.3 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 70
Fig. 3.25 The dissociation process for NAC in aqueous solution. 71
Fig. 3.26 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 3 (a), pH 4 (b), pH 5 (c), pH 6 (d), pH 7 (e), pH 8 (f), and pH 9 (g), buffer solutions. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 72
Fig. 3.27 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in buffer solutions with various scan rate (a) 0.01, (b) 0.04, (c) 0.07, (d) 0.1, (e) 0.13, (f) 0.16, (g) 0.19, and (h) 0.22 V/s. (B) Plot of Ipa vs. ν1/2. 73
Fig. 3.28 After CV scanning of SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH7 buffer, and soaked the electrodes in (A) GSH, (B) homoCySH, (C) CySH, and (D)NAC for 40 min. Scan rate = 0.1V/s. 74
Fig. 3.29 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM N-Acetyl-L-cysteine at (a) SPCE/[BMIM+][Cl-], and (b) SPCE/PEDOT . Range：0~0.3V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 75
Fig. 3.30 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer solution. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. First step potential was -0.1 V. Quiet time was 40s. Soaked times = 10, 120, 300, 600, and 1200s. 76
Fig. 3.31 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer solution. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s . First step potential = -0.1 V. Quiet time was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 s. 77
Fig. 3.32 Cyclic voltammograms of 1 mM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer solution. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. Quiet time = 40s. First step potential was (a) 0.1, (b) 0, (c) -0.1, and (d) -0.2 V. 78
Fig. 3.33 Cyclic voltammograms of 1mM NAC at (a)SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][O-TF-], (b) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][N-Tf2-], (c) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][BF4-], (d) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][Br-], and (e) SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][Cl-]. Range：0~0.8 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 79
Fig. 3.34 Cyclic voltammograms of 0.1~10 mM NAC in pH 7.0 buffer with SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]. Range：-0.1~ -0.8 V. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 80
Fig. 3.35 DPVs of /SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer. The DPV parameters were an amplitude of 50 mV, pulse period of 0.2s, pulse wide of (a) 0.05s, (b) 0.07s, and (c) 0.01s potential increment of 4 mV. Sampling width = 0.0167s. 81
Fig. 3.36 DPVs of /SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer. The DPV parameters were an amplitude of 50 mV, pulse period of (a) 0.2s, (b) 0.1s, and (c) 0.4s, pulse wide of 0.05s, potential increment of 4 mV. Sampling width = 0.0167s. 82
Fig. 3.37 DPVs of /SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer. The DPV parameters were an amplitude of 50 mV, pulse period of 0.2s, pulse wide of 0.05s, potential increment of 4 mV. Sampling width of (a) 0.0167s, (b) 0.03s, and (c) 0.005s. 83
Fig. 3.38 DPVs of /SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer. The DPV parameters were an amplitude of 50 mV, pulse period of 0.2s, pulse wide of 0.05s, potential increment of (a) 4 mV, (b) 10 mV, and (c) 7 mV. Sampling width = 0.0167s. 84
Fig. 3.39 DPVs of /SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer. The DPV parameters were an amplitude of (a) 50 mV, (b) 100 mV, and (c) 10 mV, pulse period of 0.2s, pulse wide of 0.05s, potential increment of 4 mV. Sampling width = 0.0167s. 85
Fig. 3.40 DPVs of /SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-] in pH 7.0 buffer.The DPV parameters were an amplitude of 100 mV,pulse period of 0.05s, pulse wide of 0.05s, potential increment of 10 mV. Sampling width = 0.03s. 86
Fig. 3.41 Current-times v.s injection the concentration of 10 μM NAC in pH 7.0 buffer at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]. Applied potential = 0.2V. 87
Fig. 3.42 FIA of 100 μM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT /[BMIM+][Cl-]. Applied Potential = 0.2V. 88
Fig. 3.43 FIA of 10、50、100、300 and 600 μM NAC at SPCE/PEDOT/[BMIM+][Cl-]. Applied Potential = 0.2 V. flow rate = 150 μL/min. 89

表目次
Table 1.1 Comparison of electrocatalytic behavior of Pd-CILE for oxidation of hydrogen peroxide with other previously reported electrodes. 7
Table 3.1 AFM data of modified electrode surface 42
Table 3.2 The XPS ratio of C、O、S、N、Cl、P at different electrodes. 46
Table 3.3 EIS fitting data of Nyquist plots for EIS measurements. 49
Table 3.4 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM K3Fe(CN)6 at different electrodes. 51
Table 3.5 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM Ru(NH3)Cl3 at different electrodes. 53
Table 3.6 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM 2-AP at different electrodes. 55
Table 3.7 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM 3-AP at different electrodes. 56
Table 3.8 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM 4-AP at different electrodes. 57
Table 3.9 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM NAC at different electrodes. 60
Table 3.10 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM cysteine at different electrodes. 63
Table 3.11 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM homocysteine at different electrodes. 66
Table 3.12 Detailed data of cyclic voltammograms for 1 mM GSH at different electrodes. 69
Table 3.13 Comparison of the response characteristics of different modified electrodes. 91

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