臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統的阻燃電纜主要採用聚氯乙烯、氯丁橡膠、氯磺化聚乙烯等含鹵素材料，達到抑制火焰蔓延目的，但這些鹵素材料燃燒中會釋放一氧化碳、氯化氫等有毒氣體及濃煙，危及人們生命安全。本研究主要添加抑煙劑、無鹵素阻燃劑、補強材料(POE-MA、LLDPE-MA)與基材(EVA/LLDPE)利用雙滾輪機及密練機混練，耐燃指標達到限氧指數(LOI)高於30%以上及抑煙指標則依ASTM E662檢測規範檢測，達到煙密度4分鐘(Dm,4min)小於75，煙密度20分鐘(Dm,20min)小於150，機械性質部分則依ASTM D638檢測規範檢測，達到抗張強度至少1.2[kgf/mm^2]，伸長率高於200%。
利用限氧指數測試儀測試限氧指數，使用熱示差掃描卡計儀(DSC)或場發式掃描電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)探討抑煙劑、無鹵素阻燃劑、補強材料(POE-MA、LLDPE-MA)與基材(EVA/LLDPE)間的相容性，以萬能拉力試驗機測試機械性質，以煙密度測試箱測試煙密度。

Traditional wire is using halogen materials such as poly vinyl chlorid,chloroprene rubber,chlorosulfonated polyethylene to achieve the flame controlled. These halogen materials will release Carbon monoxide,hydrogen chloride when burning. This study mainly adds smoke suppressants,Halogen-free flame retardants,fillers for reinforcement (POE-MA、LLDPE-MA) on matrix (EVA/LLDPE) by using two roll mill及banbury mixer. Flame retardant standard is higher than 30% in limiting oxygen index (LOI) and low smoke standard followed ASTM E662 which reached smoke density lower than 75 and 150 in 4min. and 20 min.. Mechanical properties followed ASTM D638 which reached tensile strength al least 1.2[kgf/mm^2] and elongation higher than 200%.
LOI values measure by LOI. Compatibility between substrate(EVA/LL-DPE) and smoke suppressants、Halogen-free flame retardants、fillers for reinforcement (POE-MA、LLDPE-MA) were characterized by DSC and FE-SEM. Mechanical properties measured by Universal testing machine.Smoke density measure-ed by Smoke Density Chamber.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 鹵素阻燃劑之危害 3
1-3 研究動機 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2-1 聚乙烯 5
2-2 乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA) 7
2-3 聚乙烯與乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的摻合 9
2-4 線性低密度聚乙烯接枝馬來酸酐 11
2-5 乙烯-辛烯共聚物 13
2-6 高分子混摻技術 14
2-6-1 高分子混摻概述 14
2-6-2 高分子混摻的目的 14
2-6-3 高分子的混摻方式 15
2-6-4 影響高分子混摻關鍵因素 15
2-6-5 高分子混摻補強材料 16
2-7 高分子之燃燒機構 17
2-8 阻燃劑的簡介 19
2-8-1 阻燃劑之原理 19
2-8-2 阻燃劑種類及其機構 21
2-9 複合材料的機械性質 34
2-10 抑煙劑之簡介 36
2-10-1 聚合物的抑煙機制 36
2-10-2 塑料燃燒試驗方法及標準 38
2-10-3 抑煙劑簡介 39
2-10-4 抑煙劑種類 40
第三章 實驗藥品、設備與製備方法 44
3-1 實驗藥品 44
3-2 實驗設備及儀器 48
3-3 實驗架構 51
3-4 實驗流程 52
3-5 性質測試 53
第四章 結果與討論 60
4-1 聚摻合物相容性微結構分析 60
4-1-1 VA含量28%、VA含量40%與LLDPE相容性分析 60
4-2 含阻燃劑與EVA / LLDPE複合材料阻燃特性分析 62
4-2-1 限氧指數( Limited Oxygen Index , LOI )分析 62
4-3 含阻燃劑與EVA/LLDPE複合材料相容性分析 64
4-3-1 含不同阻燃劑EVA/LLDPE複合材料機械性質及相容性分析 64
4-4 不同型號氫氧化鋁阻燃劑粒徑分析 69
4-5 阻燃劑熱性質分析 72
4-6 含不同型號阻燃劑EVA/LLDPE複合材料熱性質分析 73
4-7 含LLDPE-MA與LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料機械性質分析 75
4-7-1 未添加LLDPE-MA 及添加LLDPE-MA的機械性質的分析 75
4-7-2 LLDPE-MA與LLDPE/EVA的混摻機械性質分析 77
4-8 LLDPE-MA與LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料相容性分析 78
4-8-1 LLDPE-MA與LLDPE/EVA複合材料相容性分析 78
4-8-2 LLDPE-MA與LLDPE/EVA複合材料相容性分析-DSC 80
4-8-3 含阻燃劑LLDPE-MA/LLDPE/EVA複合材料相容性分析 82
4-9 補強材料改善LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料機械性質的分析 85
4-9-1 含POE-MA與LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料機械性質分析 85
4-9-2 含POE-MA與LLDPE/EVA相容性分析 86
4-9-3 含POE-MA與LLDPE/EVA相容性分析-DSC 88
4-9-4 含POE-MA與LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料相容性分析 89
4-9-5 含HDPE-MA與LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料機械性質分析 91
4-10 材料使用不同混練儀器機械性質及相容性的分析 92
4-11 添加抑煙劑改善LLDPE/EVA低煙無鹵耐燃材料的抑煙性質 94
4-11-1 層狀雙金屬氧化物抑煙效果 94
4-11-2 鉬系複合材料抑煙效果 100
4-11-3 抑煙劑熱性質分析 104
第五章 結論 107
參考資料 109

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