臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來伏流水層在相關認知、學術研究以及水資源運用上的議題討論熱烈，不管對於經濟、環境以及生物相的影響都深具重要性。伏流水層的水文情況除了實地探測與調查外，更多情況為利用已知數據配合數值模式模擬更深層或更寬廣的未知伏流水層。台灣在伏流水的研究目前處於經濟考量居多，伏流水層對於生態以及環境之影響卻鮮少被人提及。
本研究經由野外調查獲取現地水文與地文資料，再透過數值模式模擬伏流水與地表水之間關係。數值模擬的過程中以MODFLOW建立穩態伏流水層模式，計算出五溝水地區之水頭、流場以及通量，再配合MT3D以溶質傳輸的方式將地表水與伏流水假設為特殊溶質，達到瞭解研究河段中上湧與下滲發生位置之目的。
透過MODFLOW模式中水收支的結果，可瞭解五溝水赤山新圳河川之淨通量約為0.0765 m3/day，表示此河段呈現水體增加的情況，但若將研究河段拉長至更下游的東港溪，淨通量即變為-0.0517 m3/day，表示從匯流口至東港溪會有大量水體的損失而離開地表水。在MT3D所產出結果中，模式模擬出上湧與下滲之位置與野外調查情況一致，以此方法能夠將原始採樣上湧與下滲的資料由‟點”分佈轉換為‟面”的形式分佈於全河段中，能夠更進一步在空間上對伏流水與地表水之間交換情況做出探討。
瞭解河段之中上湧與下滲區位後，在物理因子上可與潭瀨序列結合，例如在本研究河段中，深潭區容易在潭的首端發生上湧情況，而淺瀨區則是容易在瀨的首端發生下滲情況；化學因子上則可與水質資料配合，例如過往去多研究所提及的下滲處溶氧會較高。若能善加利用上湧與下滲對於溪流之影響，對於生態、環境以及工程三方面，都能提供一定的幫助。

In recent years, the hyporheic zone is getting more and more attention on extended knowledge, academic research, and water resources usage issues. It is of great importance to economic, environmental, biological phase. Besides field investigate, using known data for coordinate with numerical simulation to model deeper or wider unknown area is more often seen in the hyporheic zone. This study used field investigation to obtain hydrological and geographical information, then with the used of numerical simulation to model the correlations between surface water and hyporheic water. In modeling process, we used a three-dimensional MODFLOW model to simulate both hyporheic head and flux rate situation, and paired with MT3D to simulate the distribution of upwelling and downwelling area along a narrow stream. Modeling results in MODFLOW indicated that the net stream flux rate is 0.0765 m3/day, and surface water is gaining water at Wu Gou Shui Chihshan stream. If model boundary from Chihshan stream extended to Donggang River, the net stream flux rate is -0.0517 m3/day, and from junction to Donggang River surface water is losing water. Results from MT3D showed that the distribution of upwelling and downwelling area is the similar to our field investigated results. The difference is that model can help us to understand the distribution of ‘‘area’’; however, field investigation can only survey the distribution of ‘‘point’’ locations. The distribution of upwelling and downwelling areas can be easily combined with physical factors (e.g. pool-riffle sequence) and chemical factors (e.g. dissolved oxygen, DO). In this study, it showed that upwelling generally occurred at the beginning of pool, and downwelling occurred frequently at the beginning of riffle.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract II
謝誌 VIII
目錄 XI
表目錄 XIII
圖目錄 XIV
第一章 前言 1
1-1研究動機與目的 1
1-2論文研究架構 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1伏流水層(Hyporheic zone) 3
2-1-1 伏流水定義 3
2-1-2 地形於伏流水層 5
2-1-3伏流水層上湧下滲之重要性 8
2-2數值模擬於伏流水層 10
2-2-1 MODFLOW及MT3D於伏流水層之發展 10
2-2-2 MODFLOW於伏流水層參數之探討 13
第三章 研究方法 16
3-1研究區域 16
3-2採樣時間與內容 18
3-3採樣方法 20
3-3-1 溪床高程量測 20
3-3-2 環境因子量測 21
3-3-3伏流水之量測 22
3-4 數值模式介紹 28
3-4-1 MODFLOW模式簡介 28
3-4-2 MT3D溶質傳輸簡介 30
3-5伏流水模式建立 31
3-5-1 模式邊界劃分 31
3-5-2 網格設定 32
3-5-3 採樣尺度 37
3-5-4 溶質傳輸之建立 40
第四章 結果與討論 42
4-1初步分析 42
4-1-1 河川斷面劃分與溪床高程 42
4-1-2 地表水域之潭瀨序列 44
4-2模式驗證 50
4-2-1 伏流水層穩態模式驗證 50
4-2-2 採樣尺度對於模式影響 53
4-2-3 溶質傳輸模式驗證 61
4-3模式結果與現地情況 71
4-3-1 MODFLOW與MT3D 71
4-3-2 上湧下滲與潭瀨序列關係 75
4-3-3 上湧下滲與水質參數關係 78
第五章 結論與建議 81
5-1結論 81
5-2建議 83
第六章 參考文獻 84
附錄 91

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