臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著國際間環保意識興起及產業開發需求，我國近年積極發展再生能源。目前國內所有的風力發電量均來自於陸域風場，欲開發更高效率及更符合國內土地利用效益之風力能源，台灣風力發電勢必需往離岸發展。然而，離岸風機受力行為複雜，於設計支撐結構時必須搭配驗證程序以確保風機運轉安全性。為於設計驗證階段將風機載重來源完整納入安全性評估，需仰賴整體設計軟體進行參數整合。大多數軟體均以勁度矩陣模擬基礎土壤互制行為，且需由使用者自行輸入。本研究利用現有方法計算基礎勁度，將其推算為三維勁度矩陣，並進一步探討對角線與耦合勁度矩陣、線性與非線性基礎勁度、基礎勁度疊代計算等三種不同勁度設定方式對離岸風機動態行為影響。本研究利用Bladed軟體，參考美國國家再生能源研究室(NREL) OC3計畫報告中之大口徑單樁尺寸，建立一整體設計模型，依據DNV規範定義之設計載重條件6.2a由台灣彰濱風場現地觀測資料率定出合理參數進行ULS極限載重條件分析，並針對支撐結構自然頻率、支撐結構振態、塔架整體變形量與鋼材應力進行成果比較。分析結果顯示，不同基礎勁度設定方式對於自然振動頻率與振態影響不顯著，利用耦合勁度矩陣計算之樁頭變形量明顯大於其他方式之計算結果。鋼材應力部分，隨著基礎勁度計算方式不同，結構最大應力位置可能出現於海床面、接合元件處或是塔頂位置。利用本研究建置之風機模型搭配基礎勁度設定方法，可將環境條件與樁土互制行為納入考量，盼能於設計階段合理評估支撐結構安全性。

In order to make sure the safety of offshore wind turbine during power production period, site specified design and certification process of support structures for offshore wind turbine is needed. In the process, environment conditions of wind farm site must be taken into account. To incorporate environment conditions, integrated simulation tools are used to analyze the coupled dynamic loads and responses of the wind turbine system. Owing to responses of offshore wind turbine may differ from soil-foundation interactions, almost all of the simulation tools consider soil-foundation interactions by defining foundation stiffness. In this study, NREL 5MW offshore wind turbine model was established by using GH Bladed software, combining with different types of foundation stiffness to carry out time domain simulations under Ultimate Limit State (ULS) condition. Three different considerations have taken while deriving foundation stiffness, including uncoupled stiffness matrix versus coupled stiffness matrix, linear lateral stiffness versus nonlinear lateral stiffness, foundation stiffness before iteration versus foundation stiffness after iteration. Among all the simulation results, four parameters were chose to check the effect on wind turbine responses caused by foundation stiffness, including natural frequency, mode shape, support structure deflection, and support structure material stress. Hope the results can help to provide a proper method for defining foundation stiffness in concept design process.

摘要 i
Extended Abstract ii
誌謝 ix
目錄 x
表目錄 xii
圖目錄 xiii
符號說明 xv
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究架構與方法 1
第二章 離岸風機支撐結構設計與驗證 3
2-1 支撐結構設計流程 4
2-2 驗證流程 5
2-3 設計載重條件 (DLCs) 8
2-4 RNA (Rotor-Nacelle Assembly) 10
2-5 離岸風機整體設計工具 12
2-6 現有基礎勁度計算方法 14
2-6-1 p-y曲線法 15
2-6-2 p-y曲線法修正 17
2-6-3 t-z曲線與Q-z曲線法 20
2-6-4 基礎勁決定方法 22
第三章 Bladed整體設計模型 25
3-1 Bladed 軟體介紹 25
3-2 NREL 5MW參考風機 29
3-3 環境參數設定 30
3-4 模型建置與校正 32
3-4-1 單樁基礎尺寸 33
3-4-2 設計載重分析成果 34
第四章 基礎勁度計算考量 37
4-1 基礎勁度計算 38
4-2 勁度矩陣概述 39
4-2-1 獨立勁度矩陣 40
4-2-2 耦合勁度矩陣 42
4-3 線性與非線性樁土互制 44
4-4 基礎勁度疊代計算 45
4-4-1 樁頭載重評估 45
4-4-2 基礎勁度疊代計算 47
第五章 基礎勁度模擬方式對風機動態反應影響 49
5-1 基礎勁度對自然頻率影響 50
5-1-1 獨立與耦合勁度矩陣對自然頻率影響 51
5-1-2 線性與非線性勁度對自然頻率影響 53
5-1-3 基礎勁度疊代計算對自然頻率影響 56
5-2 基礎勁度對振態影響 59
5-2-1獨立與耦合勁度矩陣對振態影響 59
5-2-2線性與非線性勁度對振態影響 61
5-2-3 基礎勁度疊代計算對振態影響 64
5-3 基礎勁度對風機整體變形量影響 66
5-3-1 獨立與耦合勁度矩陣對風機變形量影響 66
5-3-2 線性與非線性勁度對風機變形量影響 67
5-3-3 基礎勁度疊代計算對風機變形量影響 69
5-4 基礎勁度對鋼材應力影響 71
5-4-1 獨立與耦合勁度矩陣對鋼材應力影響 71
5-4-2 線性與非線性勁度對鋼材應力影響 73
5-4-3 基礎勁度疊代計算對鋼材應力影響 74
第六章 結論與建議 76
6-1 結論 76
6-2 建議 77
參考文獻 78
附錄A NREL 5MW參考風機規格 81

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