臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

日益增加的大規模資料對各種類型資料的處理與分析提出了新的挑戰。管理科學依賴與資料及其推斷結果，可如今一些傳統統計方法已經受到質疑，其歸納和演繹的結果可能難以正確指導相關的管理與運營。
在實際資料的應用中，變數間的關係往往沒有傳統統計方法裡假設的那樣簡單和美好；單一或者局部性個體的分析已經不能滿足人們的需要。基於網絡結構的分析方法可以在傳統分析中考慮這些關係或者提供一種系統性的視野來進行系統的審視。資料量增大之後不免會遇到稀疏性的問題。在相關性的計算上，傳統的計算方法似乎沒有能夠很好地考慮到資料的稀疏性；同時，相關性是否僅僅只是簡單的的線性關係還需要更多的討論。
本文試圖從基於網絡結構的分析方法和Copula函數相關性的度量上去改進傳統相關係數在非線性及零膨脹情況下遇到的問題，從系統的角度來提煉資料中重要的影響因素和類別。模擬分析結果顯示，基於Copula的相關性度量可以更好的描述變數間的真實關係，并解決傳統相關性帶來的變異數與偏差。
利用PubMed上提供的公開資料來對使用健保資料庫的研究進行文獻計量分析，利用基於Copula的網路分析方法，找出作者與機構之間的協作網路以及基於醫學主題詞（MeSH）的研究熱點與領域發現與變化的追蹤。既可以對相關管理機構提供有指導價值的資訊同時推動科學生產。

The daily broadening large scale data mounts many new challenges to the processing and analysis of various types of data. Management science is subjected to related data and its inferred consequences. However, the effectiveness of some traditional statistical methods are open to doubt, and the outcomes of induction and deduction may be hard to accurately pilot the related management and operations.
In practical operation, we usually find the relation between variables is more changeable and unreliable than that is assumed in traditional statistical methods; the analysis depends on individual/local data no longer meet people's demands. Analysis based-on network may offer the possibilities for exploring relations between variables and provide systematic perspectives on problems. As the data volume increases, the problem of sparseness will arise. On the measurement of correlation, the traditional methods do not consider the sparseness of the data adequately; simultaneously, whether the correlation is merely a simple linear relationship is still under discussion.
This thesis attempts to improve the problems encountered by the traditional correlation coefficients in the case of non-linear and inflated from the analysis of the correlation between the Copula bases network analysis method. And this method can systematically obtain important factors and categories in the data. The simulation analysis results show that the Copula based correlation measurement can better describe the true relationship between variables with higher robustness and solve the variance and bias under traditional correlation measurement.
Empirical study used the publications of NHIRD which were provided publicly by PubMed. We construct the Copula based network model to find the collaborative network between authors and organizations, and discovered the research topic detection and temporal trend based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, so as to provide practical value to related administrative department and attempt to bring the theoretical frame of management science to completion.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background ............................... 1
1.2 Motivation................................ 2
1.3 Research Purpose and Objectives ................... 6
1.4 Organization of the Chapters...................... 7

Chapter 2 Literature Review 9
2.1 Network-based Analysis of Covariates ................ 9
2.1.1 The Basic Analysis Schemes ................. 9
2.1.2 Constructing Networks .................... 11
2.1.3 Marginal Analysis ....................... 13
2.1.4 Joint Analysis.......................... 15
2.2 Network-based Analysis of Samples.................. 19
2.2.1 Human Disease Network(HDN) ............... 19
2.2.2 Social Network Analysis(SNA)................ 29
2.3 Copulas.................................. 30

Chapter 3 Research Methodology 33
3.1 Correlation Measurement........................ 34
3.1.1 Measures of Dependence ................... 34
3.1.2 Copulas ............................. 35
3.2 Co-occurrence Network Analysis ................... 43
3.3 StudyDesign............................... 47

Chapter 4 Simulation and Comparison of Copula Based Dependence 49
4.1 Modeling with Marginal Distribution ................. 49
4.2 Copula Dependence versus Correlation ................ 50
4.3 Simulation Studies............................ 53
4.3.1 Study I: General Data Relationship without Zero . . . . . . 53
4.3.2 Study II: Zero-Inflated Data Relationship . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3.3 Summary ............................ 57

Chapter 5 Copula Based Network Model in Bibliometrics Study 59
5.1 Introduction ............................... 59
5.2 Research Methods and Strategy .................... 60
5.2.1 Data............................... 60
5.2.2 General Method ........................ 61
5.2.3 Collaboration Authorship Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.2.4 Collaboration Organization Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.2.5 Research Focus & Trend Network via MeSH . . . . . . . . 63
5.3 Co-Authorship Network ........................ 64
5.4 Collaboration Network of Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.5 Research Focus and Trend Network .................. 66
5.5.1 Overall Research Focus .................... 69
5.5.2 Research Temporal Trends................... 73
5.6 Remarks ................................. 77

Chapter 6 Summary and Future Work 81

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