臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來環境衛生愈受重視，清潔產業蓬勃發展，清潔行業服務隨著企業管理觀念的引進，提供專業化與高水準的服務品質，然清潔人員大多為中高年齡層，其工作又屬重複性動作高、用力度大與姿勢不自然的工作類型，易導致肌肉骨骼不適之症狀，故清潔產業為肌肉骨骼不適之高風險群，且近年肌肉骨骼不適占國內職業病通報案例之比例有日益增多之趨勢，此現象除造成勞工因肌肉骨骼不適而無法工作或影響工作效率外，亦使得生產力下降，社會成本增加。因此本研究針對清潔人員肌肉骨骼不適之健康危害及成因做進一步探討，並尋求改善之道。
本研究針對某事業單位清潔公司作業員工的身體基本資料以及不適症狀調查。問卷內容架構包括：(一)個人基本資料、(二)是否因工作已造成傷害、(三)各部位症狀調查、(四)其他，對肌肉骨骼不適部位加以探討，並利用NMQ北歐肌肉骨骼傷害問卷調查表，找出清潔人員肌肉骨骼不適症狀之相關性，進行自覺不適症調查。並提出改善工具及設計作業流程進行後續追蹤。問卷採用紙本問卷，發放對象將人員區分為實驗組(有使用改善工具19人)與對照組(未使用改善工具23人)，並於三個月後再對同一批人實施相同問卷一次。共計42名員工，84份問卷。回收問卷分別將各項數據彙整，待資料庫建立後，匯入統計分析軟體SPSS 21.0。資料分析方法利用描述性統計呈現了解受測者各變相之分布情形。推論性統計：以卡方檢定(Chi-Square)檢視肌肉骨骼傷害不適症狀與各變項間之差異性及相關性分析。
本研究樣本平均50.4歲，且從事清潔工作有6.03年資歷，平均身高為171.1公分、平均體重為73.85公斤，因為工作的關係感到身體不適的人有26人。勞工肌肉骨骼傷害，依頸部、左肩、左手肘、左手腕、左大腿、左膝、左腳踝、上背、下背、右肩、右手肘、右手腕、右大腿、右膝、右腳踝等變項對於「是否感到肌肉骨骼不適」影響之卡方檢定中顯示頸部、上背、下背、右肩、右手肘、右手腕、右大腿、右膝等8個變數與是否感到肌肉骨骼不適有相關。對相同的清潔人員，依據改善後不適症問卷，發現卡方檢定顯著之項目，人數有明顯的改善，不適的程度也有明顯的下降，證明更換作業工具能夠明顯改善員工肌肉骨骼的傷害。
探討清潔員工肌肉骨骼是否受到傷害及其嚴重程度進行探討，並藉由工具改善以期降低員工骨骼傷害的程度。清潔人員大多為中高年齡層，其工作重複性高容易對於肌肉骨骼產生不適，且年齡的增長，肌肉骨骼傷病現象逐漸浮現，所以對於員工的肌肉與骨骼傷害的預防就顯得更為重要，面對這樣的問題，在此提供以下建議:
1.多提供清潔機給員工使用，如掃地車、拖地車、打蠟車等。
2.有系統性的規劃勞工工作，不要一直由同一人員重複做同一種工作，一段時間就要換一次，如原本是負責清掃地板的人員，一段時間後就跟清潔玻璃的人員互換，能夠減少同一部位的磨耗。

關鍵詞: 肌肉骨骼、清潔公司、問卷、北歐肌肉骨骼傷害問卷、重複性

In recent years, environmental health has become more and more important, and the cleaning industry has flourished. The cleaning industry service has provided professional and high-quality service with the introduction of corporate management concepts. However, most of the cleaning personnel are middle and high age groups, and their work is repetitive. Heavy-strength and unnatural posture types are prone to musculoskeletal discomfort, so the clean industry is a high-risk group of musculoskeletal discomfort, and the proportion of musculoskeletal discomfort in domestic occupational disease notification cases has increased in recent years. This phenomenon not only causes labor to be unable to work due to musculoskeletal discomfort or affects work efficiency, but also causes productivity to decrease and social costs to increase. Therefore, this study explores the health hazards and causes of musculoskeletal discomfort in cleaning personnel and seeks ways to improve.

This study is aimed at the basic medical information and discomfort investigation of the employees of a company cleaning company. The content structure of the questionnaire includes: (1) basic personal data , (2) whether it has caused injury due to work, (3) investigation of symptoms in various parts, (4) other, parts of skeletal muscle discomfort Explore it. The NMQ Nordic Skeletal Muscle Injury Questionnaire was used to find out the correlation between the symptoms of skeletal muscle discomfort in the cleansing staff and to investigate the conscious discomfort. And propose improved tools and design workflow for follow-up. The questionnaire was based on a paper questionnaire. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (with 19 use improvement tools) and a control group (23 without improvement tools), and the same questionnaire was administered to the same group three months later. A total of 42 employees and 84 questionnaires. The recovery questionnaire will collect the data separately. After the database is established, it will be imported into the statistical analysis software SPSS 21.0. The data analysis method uses descriptive statistics to understand the distribution of each disguised state of the subject. Inferential statistics were analyzed by Chi-Square to examine the differences and correlations between skeletal muscle injury symptoms and variables.

The sample of this study averaged 50.4 years old and had a 6.03 qualification in cleaning work. The average height was 171.1 cm and the average weight was 73.85 kg. There were 26 people who felt unwell because of work relationship. Labor musculoskeletal injury, according to the neck, left shoulder, left elbow, left wrist, left thigh, left knee, left ankle, upper back, lower back, right shoulder, right elbow, right wrist, right thigh, right knee, right ankle, etc. The chi-square test for the influence of "whether it feels musculoskeletal discomfort" shows 8 variables such as neck, upper back, lower back, right shoulder, right elbow, right wrist, right thigh, right knee and whether or not to feel musculoskeletal discomfort. Related. According to the improved cleansing personnel, according to the post-improvement discomfort questionnaire, the number of significant items in the chi-square test was found to be significantly improved, and the degree of discomfort was also significantly reduced, which proved that the replacement of the working tools can significantly improve the musculoskeletal injuries of the employees.

This study explores whether employees' skeletal muscles are harmed and their severity, and tools to improve the level of employee bone damage. Most of the cleaning staff are middle and high age groups. The high repeatability of work is easy to cause discomfort to the musculoskeletal, and the age and the musculoskeletal injury gradually appear. Therefore, the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries is more important. For such questions, here are the suggestions:
1. Provide more cleaning machines for employees, such as sweeping cars, mopping cars, waxing cars, etc.
2. Have systematic planning of labor work. Don't always do the same work by the same person. It will be changed once in a while. For example, the person who was responsible for cleaning the floor will exchange with the person who cleans the glass after a period of time. Wear of the same part.


Keywords: Skeletal muscles, cleaning company, questionnaire, Nordic skeletal muscle injury questionnaire, repeatability

誌謝 i
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景、動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究對象範圍與限制 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 清潔服務業之介紹 5
第二節 清潔服務人員健康危害人因風險 7
第三節 中高齡勞工之生理功能退化現象 11
第四節 評估肌肉骨骼傷害工具 13
第三章 研究方法 18
第一節 研究流程 19
第二節 研究對象與研究工具 20
第三節 研究問卷內容架構 24
第四節 資料處理與統計分析 25
第四章 結果與討論 26
第一節 基本資料統計 26
第二節 NMQ量表卡方檢定 30
第三節 成對樣本T檢定 36
第四節 年齡與年資改善狀況 46
第五節 討論 47
第五章 結論與建議 49
第一節 結論 49
第二節 建議 50
參考文獻 51

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