臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來新興市場崛起，如中國跟印度，而其他新興國家也緊追在後，使得這些新興國家已成為不可輕忽的對象。本研究去針對新興國家的物流產業與海運營運效率探討比較。在物流產業的部分，主要利用顯示性比較利益去評估1998-2005年先進國家（G7）與新興國家（BRICs and The Next 11）的物流產業評比；在海運營運效率的部份，利用資料包絡分析法去評估2000-2005年先進國家（G7）與新興國家（BRICs and The Next 11）之主要進出口貨運量最大之貨櫃港埠，結果發現在物流產業方面，在運輸服務產業中，新興國家中的韓國和埃及在國家物流競爭力優於其他先進國家（除了日本和法國外）；在貨運服務產業中，印度、韓國、土耳其和伊朗也都優於其他先進國家（除了日本和法國外）；在海運港埠營運效率方面，發現孟加拉和中國之港埠營運效率都優於先進國家。

Emerging markets such as China and India have risen abruptly in recent years, with other newly developing countries following closely behind. These new upstarts have become formidable competitors that the developed world cannot take lightly. The study is to perform an international comparison on Logistics industry and port operation efficiency on emerging market. Using data from transportation and freight service industry, this study first conducts Revealed Comparative Advantage approach to investigate logistics competitiveness in G7 countries, BRICs and The Next 11, then uses Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the container ports with the biggest import and export cargo volumes in G7 countries, BRICs and The Next 11. We found that the RCA analysis shows that Korea and Egypt still have relative comparative advantage over its industrialized counterparts except for Japan and France in the transportation service industry. Then, India, Korea, Turkey and Iran in freight service industry are more competitive than advanced countries except for Japan and France. Interestingly, the DEA results also indicate that the efficiency value of container port in Bangladesh and China were superior to those in developed countries.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
壹、 緒論 1
1.1. 研究動機 1
1.2. 研究目的 1
1.3. 研究對象與範圍 2
1.4. 研究架構 3
貳、 文獻回顧 5
2.1. 國家物流之相關文獻 5
2.2. 港埠營運效率分析 6
2.2.1. 港埠營運效率之回顧 6
2.2.2. 港埠營運效率之投入與產出變數探討 13
2.2.3. 資料包絡分析法之變數篩選 14
2.3. 顯示性比較利益相關文獻 21
參、 研究方法 24
3.1. 研究分析架構 24
3.2. 顯示性比較利益 25
3.3. 資料包絡分析法 27
3.3.1. 研究對象及程序 27
3.3.2. DMU之選擇 28
3.3.3. 投入項、產出項之選擇 29
3.3.4. 模式建構與發展 31
3.3.5. 投入導向之 CCR與BCC模式 31
3.3.6. 產出導向之 CCR與BCC模式 35
3.3.7. 交叉效率模式 36
3.3.8. DEA-A&P模式 37
肆、 實證分析 40
4.1. 七大工業國物流競爭力分析 40
4.1.1. 七大工業國運輸服務競爭力分析 40
4.1.2. 七大工業國貨運服務競爭力分析 42
4.2. 金磚四國物流競爭力分析 43
4.2.1. 金磚四國運輸服務競爭力分析 44
4.2.2. 金磚四國貨運服務競爭力分析 45
4.3. 新金磚十一國物流競爭力分析 47
4.3.1. 新金磚十一國運輸服務競爭力分析 47
4.3.2. 新金磚十一國貨運服務競爭力分析 50
4.4. 先進國家與新興國家物流競爭力分析 52
4.4.1. 整體運輸服務競爭力之比較分析 52
4.4.2. 整體貨運服務競爭力之比較分析 58
4.5. 資料包絡分析法 ─ CCR、BCC、A&P與交叉模式 64
4.5.1. CCR 模式 64
4.5.2. BCC 模式 67
4.5.3. A&P 模式 69
4.5.4. CCR 交叉模式 70
4.5.5. BCC 交叉模式 71
4.5.6. 各港埠於2005年之技術效率與規模效率狀態 73
4.5.7. CCR和CCR交叉模式之綜合分析 74
4.5.8. 視窗分析 76
4.5.9. 差額變數分析 82
4.5.7. 敏感度分析 85
4.6. 運輸服務產業與海運貨櫃營運效率之綜合分析 86
伍、 結論與建議 92
5.1. 研究結論 92
5.2. 建議後續研究 95
參考文獻 97

中文部份
1.高強, 黃旭男, & Sueyoshi, T. 2003, 管理績效評估資料包絡分析法 (1st ed.). 台北市: 華泰文化事業股份有限公司.
2.薄喬萍. 2005, 績效評估之資料包絡分析法. 台北市: 五南書局.

英文部分
1.Ahrend, R., 2006, “Russian industrial restructure: Trends in productivity, competitiveness and comparative advantage”, Post-Communist Economies, vol. 18, issue 3, pp.277-295.
2.Anderson, P., & Petersen, N. C., 1993, “A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis”, Management Science, vol. 39, issue 10, pp.1261-1264.
3.Arvis, J.-F., Mustra, M. A., Panzer, J., Ojala, L., & Naula, T. (2007). Connecting to compete trade logistic in the global economy (Publication., from Word Bank: http://www.worldbank.org/.
4.Balassa, B., 1965, “Trade liberalization and "revealed" comparative advantage”, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, vol. 33, pp.99-123.
5.Balasubramanyam, V. N., & Wei, Y., 2005, “Textiles and Clothing Exports from Indian and China: A Comparative Analysis”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, vol. 3, issue 1, pp.23-37.
6.Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W., 1984, “Some model for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Management Science, vol. 30, issue 9, pp.1078-1092.
7.Barros, C. P., & Athanassiou, M., 2004, “Efficiency in European seaports with DEA: Evidence from Greece and Portugal”, Maritime Economics & Logistics, vol. 6, issue 2, pp.122-140.
8.Bookbinder, J. H., & Tan, C. S., 2003, “Comparison of Asian and European logistics systems”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 33, issue 1, pp.36-58.
9.Chandrasekaran, N., & Kumar, S. M. 2004, A white paper on seaport: Challenge and issues in India: Cll institute of logistics.
10.Chang, Y.-T., Lee, S.-Y., & Tongzon, J. L., 2008, “Port selection factors by shipping lines: Different perspectives between trunk liners and feeder service providers”, Marine Policy, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 22 July 2008.
11.Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E., 1978, “Measuring the efficiency of decision making units”, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 2, issue 6, pp.119-140.
12.Chin, A., & Tongzon, J. (1998). Maintaining Singapore as a major shipping and air transport hub. In: Ton, T.(Ed.), Competitiveness of the Singapore Economy Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 83-114,
13.Ciburiene, J., & Zaharieva, G., 2006, “International trade as a factor of competitiveness: Comparison of Lithuanian and Bulgarian case”, Engineering Economics, vol. 4, issue 49, pp.48-56.
14.Clark, D. P., Sawyer, W. C., & Sprinkle, R. L., 2005, “Revealed comparative advantage indexes for regions of the United States”, Global Economy Journal, vol. 5, issue 1, pp.1-24.
15.Containerization International Yearbook. 2000-2007.
16.Cullinane, K., & Song, D.-W., 2003, “A stochastic frontier model of the productive efficiency of Korean container terminals”, Applied Economics, vol. 35, issue 3, pp.251-267.
17.Cullinane, K., Song, D.-W., & Gray, R., 2002, “A stochastic frontier model of the efficiency of major container terminals in Asia: Assessing the influence of administrative and ownership structures”, Transportation Research Part A, vol. 36, issue 8, pp.743-762.
18.Cullinane, K., Song, D.-W., & Wang, T., 2005, “The application of mathematical programming approaches to estimating container port production efficiency”, Journal of Productivity Analysis, vol. 24, issue 1, pp.73-92.
19.Cullinane, K., Wang, T.-F., & Ji, P., 2005, “The relationship between privatization and DEA estimates of efficiency in the container port industry”, Journal of Economics and Business, vol. 57, issue 5, pp.433-462.
20.Cullinane, K., Wang, T.-f., Song, D.-W., & Ji, P., 2006, “The technical efficiency of container ports: Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis”, Transportation Research Part A, vol. 40, issue 4, pp.354-374.
21.Cullinane, K. P. B., & Wang, T.-F., 2006, “The efficiency of European container ports: A cross-sectional data envelopment analysis”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, vol. 9, issue 1, pp.19-31.
22.Dowd, T., & Leschine, T., 1990, “Container terminal productivity: A perspective”, Maritime Policy and Management, vol. 17, issue 2, pp.107-112.
23.Doyle, J., & Green, R., 1994, “Efficiency and cross-efficiency in DEA: Derivations, meanings and uses”, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 45, issue 5, pp.567-578.
24.Estache, A., F''e, B. T. d. l., & Trujillo, L., 2004, “Sources of efficiency gains in port reform: A DEA decomposition of a Malmquist TFP index for Mexico”, Utilities Policy, vol. 12, issue 4, pp.221-230.
25.Estache, A., Gonzalez, M., & Trujillo, L., 2002, “Efficiency Gains from port reform and potential for yardstick competition: Lessons from Mexico”, World Development, vol. 30, issue 4, pp.545-560.
26.Fawcett, S. E., 1995, “The realities of operating in Mexico: An exploration of manufacturing and logistics issues”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 25, issue 3, pp.49-68.
27.Fertö, L., & Hubbard, L. J., 2003, “Revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness in Hungarian agri-food sectors”, The World Economic, vol. 26, issue 2, pp.247-259.
28.Goh, M., & Ang, A., 2000, “Some logistics realities in Indochina”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 30, issue 10, pp.887-911.
29.Golany, B., & Roll, Y., 1989, “An application procedure for DEA”, OMEGA: International Journal of Management Science, vol. 17, issue 3, pp.237-250.
30.González, M. M., & Trujillo, L., 2007, “Reform and infrastructure efficiency in Spain''s container ports”, Transportation Research Part A, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 22 October 2007.
31.Gorton, M., Davidova, S., & Ratinger, T., 2000, “The competitiveness of agriculture in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic vis-à-vis the European union”, Competitive Economic Studies, vol. 42, issue 1, pp.59-86.
32.Itoh, H., 2002, “Efficiency changes at major container ports in Japan: A window application of data envelopment analysis”, Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, vol. 14, issue 2, pp.133-152.
33.Kaisar, E. I., Pathomsiri, S., & Haghani, A. 2006, Efficiency measurement of US ports using data envelopment analysis, Paper presented at the National Urban Freight Conference.
34.Kim, J.-I., 1996, “Logistics in Korea: Current state and future directions”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 26, issue 10, pp.6-21.
35.Kim, M., & Sachish, A., 1986, “The structure of production, technical change and productivity in a port”, The Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 35, issue 2, pp.209-223.
36.Lirn, T., Thanopoulou, H., Beynon, M., & Beresford, A., 2004, “An application of AHP on transhipment port selection: A global perspective”, Maritime Economics & Logistics, vol. 6,, pp.70-91.
37.Mcmullan, A., 1996, “Supply chain management practices in Asia Pacific today”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 26, issue 10, pp.79-95.
38.Ng, K. Y., 2006, “Assessing the attractiveness of ports in the north european container transhipment market: An agenda for furture research in port competition”, Maritime Economics & Logistics, vol. 8, pp.234-350.
39.Peterson, J., 1988, “Export shares and revealed comparative advantage. A study of international Travel”, Applied Economics, vol. 20, issue 3, pp.351-365.
40.Peterson, J., & Barras, R., 1987, “Measuring international competitiveness in service”, The Service Industries Journal, vol. 7, issue 2, pp.131-142.
41.Razzaque, M. A., 1997, “Challenges to logistics development: The case of a third world country ─ Bangladesh”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 27, issue 1, pp.18-38.
42.Roll, Y., & Hayuth, Y., 1993, “Port performance comparison applying data envelopment analysis(DEA)”, Maritime Policy and Management, vol. 20, issue 2, pp.153-161.
43.Sahay, B. S., 2006, “Managing supply chains for competitiveness: The Indian scenario”, Supply Chain Management :An International Journal, vol. 11, issue 1, pp.15-24.
44.Sahay, B. S., Cavale, V., & Mohan, R., 2003, “The "Indian" supply chain architecture”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 8, issue 2, pp.93-106.
45.Tongzon, J., 1989a, “The impact of wharfage costs on Victoria''s export-oriented industries”, Economic papers, vol. 8, pp.58-64.
46.Tongzon, J., 1995, “Determinants of port performance and efficiency”, Transportation Research Part A, vol. 29, issue 3, pp.245-252.
47.Tongzon, J., 2001, “Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international ports using data envelopment analysis”, Transportation Research Part A vol. 35, issue 2, pp.107-122.
48.Tongzon, J. L., 2008, “Port choice and freight forwarders”, Transportation Research Part E, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 22 July 2008.
49.Valentine, V. F., & Gray, R. 2001, The measurement of port efficiency using data envelopment analysis. Paper presented at the in Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Transport Research.
50.Wang, T.-F., Cullinane, K., & Song, D.-W., 2003, “Container port production efficiency: A comparative study of DEA and FDH approach”, Journal of The Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, vol. 5, pp.698-713.
51.Wu, Z., & Thomson, K., 2003, “Changes in Chinese competitiveness in major food products: Implications for WTO membership”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, vol. 1, issue 1, pp.117-130.