臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著科學技術之日新月異、經濟活動之蓬勃發展，當今社會對電力品質與供電安全越加重視，電力公司越加趨向採用以六氟化硫作為絕緣介質之氣體絕緣開關設備，其中包含匯流排、斷路器、分段開關、接地開關、比流器與比壓器等，不僅大幅縮減建置所需之空間，更提升維護之方便性與操作人員之安全。
為有效截止斷路器投切時造成之暫態過電壓，部分斷路器會特別加入極間電容之設計，然而，於斷路器啟斷時，極間電容會與斷路器後方之設備或負載形成迴路，導致斷路器後方之設備或負載仍存在某一程度之電壓。若恰好比壓器鐵心處於飽和狀態，鐵心之電感值呈現非線性變化，便容易與極間電容產生鐵磁共振，造成異常持續之過電壓與過電流，輕微影響為電力設備過熱，嚴重的話可能導致變壓器或比壓器絕緣破壞，引發匝間短路、設備燒損甚至停電事故。
綜觀上述，本論文旨在提出一個鐵磁共振分析策略，利用EMTP-RV電磁暫態分析軟體，搭配自行建置之模擬模型，分析斷路器啟斷時間點對鐵磁共振之影響，評估發生鐵磁共振時之暫態過電壓與過電流，研究鐵磁共振抑制器之抑制效果，針對不同鐵磁共振事故，方便相關工程人員模擬事故經過，加速發展解決方法，降低現場測試之時間與成本，提升電力可靠度與增進變電所運轉連續性。

With the rapid development of science, technology and economic activities, the society has paid more and more attention to the power quality and supply security. Electric power companies increasingly adopt the gas insulated switchgear (GIS). It uses SF6 as insulated materials and contains bus, circuit breakers, disconnect switches, earth switches, current transformers and potential transformers. The design of GIS not only greatly reduces the construction space, but also improves the convenience of maintenance and the safety of operators.
In order to effectively cut off the transient overvoltage caused by switching on, one solution is to connect a circuit breaker to a grading capacitance. However, while the circuit breaker opens, there will be a loop between the grading capacitance and the load. If and only if the core of the potential transformer is saturated, it is easy to happen ferroresonance, which causes the abnormally continuous overvoltage and overcurrent between the grading capacitance and the potential transformer. In some serious case, ferroresonance leads to insulation deterioration, short circuit, equipment damage or even blackout.
Therefore, this thesis aims to propose a freeoresonance analysis strategy. With the EMTP-RV software, the overvoltage and overcurrent of ferroresonance will be simulated. Different suppression methods will also be evaluated. For related engineering personnel, the strategy can provide a faster way to rebuild the process of ferroresonance faults, accelerate the search of solutions and enhance the reliability of power supply.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XIV
第一章　緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究方法 4
1.4 章節概述 6
第二章　鐵磁共振理論 7
2.1 前言 7
2.2 RLC共振 7
2.3 鐵磁共振之原理 12
2.3.1 發生原因 12
2.3.2 發生條件 16
2.3.3 鐵磁共振之特徵 16
2.3.4 鐵磁共振之振盪模式 17
2.4 常見之鐵磁共振架構 22
2.4.1 三相不平衡 22
2.4.2 三相平衡 24
第三章　系統架構與模型建置 27
3.1 前言 27
3.2 研究案例說明 28
3.2.1 系統架構 28
3.2.2 事故經過 32
3.3 EMTP-RV電磁暫態分析軟體簡介 36
3.4 GIS設備 38
3.5 模擬模型建置 43
3.5.1 模擬模型架構 43
3.5.2 161kV電源、架空線與地下電纜模型 45
3.5.3 GIS模型 47
第四章　模擬結果分析 53
4.1 前言 53
4.2 模擬模型之正確性驗證 53
4.3 斷路器啟斷時間點之影響 60
4.3.1 開關三相非同步啟斷 60
4.3.2 斷路器於波谷位置啟斷 64
4.3.3 斷路器於波峰位置啟斷 67
4.4 極間電容之影響 70
4.5 使用阻尼電阻之抑制效果 75
4.6 使用阻尼電抗器與串聯電阻之抑制效果 83
4.7 小節 98
第五章　結論與未來展望 101
5.1 結論 101
5.2 未來展望 103
參考文獻 104

[1] Lu Zhang, Qiaogen Zhang, Shi Liu, “Insulation characteristics of 1100 kV GIS under very fast transient overvoltage and lightning impulse,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 19, No. 3, June 2012.
[2] Guo-Ming Ma, Cheng-Rong Li, Xiong Li, “Time and frequency characteristics of very fast transient overvoltage in ultra high voltage substation,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2017.
[3] Mehdi Babaei, A. Abu-Siada, “Preventing transformer internal resonance under very fast transient overvoltage using RC surge suppressor,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 24, No. 2, April 2017.
[4] Heng-Tian Wu, Xiang Cui, Xiao-Fan Liu, “Characteristics of Electromagnetic Disturbance for Intelligent Component Due to Switching Operations via a 1100 kV AC GIS Test Circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 32, No. 5, Oct. 2017.
[5] Jose Guilherme Rodrigues Filho, Jose Arinos Teixeira, Marcio Rot Sans, Manuel Luiz Barreira Martinez, “Very fast transient overvoltage waveshapes in a 500-kV gas insulated switchgear setup,” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2016.
[6] Zulkurnain Abdul Malek, S.J. Mirazimi, Kamyar Mehranzamir, Behnam Salimi, “Effect of shunt capacitance on ferroresonance model for distribution Voltage Transformer,” 2012 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ISIEA).
[7] 鄭強、范振理、朱記民、蕭弘清，「161kV匯流排比壓器故障分析」，中華民國第三十一屆電力工程研討會，民國九十九年。
[8] 謝建賢，「電感式比壓器與斷路器極間電容鐵共振抑制及氧化鋅避雷器預防維護方法之研究」，民國一百零四年。
[9] S. Rahmani, A. A. Razi-Kazemi, “Investigation of very fast transient over voltages in gas insulated substations,” 2015 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI).
[10] Ramon Enrique Perez Pineda, Roberto Rodrigues, Alexander Aguila Tellez, “Analysis and Simulation of Ferroresonance in Power Transformers using Simulink,” IEEE Latin America Transactions, Vol. 16, No. 2, Feb. 2018.
[11] Tian Shijin, Zhang Tianlong, Liu Xuezhong, Liu Hongwen, Li Ruigui, “Numerical and experimental simulation researches on characteristics of ferroresonance based on distributed power grid parameters,” 2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC).
[12] M.Val Escudero, I.Dudurych, M.A.Redfern, “Characterization of ferroresonant modes in HV substation with CB grading capacitors,” Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 77, No. 11, Sep. 2007.
[13] Mehran Esmaeili, Mehrdad Rostami, Gevork B. Gharehpetian, Colin P. McInnis, “Ferroresonance After Islanding of Synchronous Machine-Based Distributed Generation,” Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 2, Spring 2015.
[14] 黃君維，「應用小波轉換於鐵磁共振之偵測與保護」，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學電機工程系，民國一百零二年。
[15] K.-h. Tseng, P.-y. Cheng, “Mitigating 161 kV electromagnetic potential transformers' ferroresonance with damping reactors in a gas-insulated switchgear,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 5, No. 4, April 2011.
[16] M. Graovac, R. Iravani, Xiaolin Wang, R.D. McTaggart, “Fast ferroresonance suppression of coupling capacitor voltage transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan 2003.
[17] M. Sanaye-Pasand, A. Rezaei-Zare, H. Mohseni, Sh. Farhangi, R. Iravani, “Comparison of performance of various ferroresonance suppressing methods in inductive and capacitive voltage transformers,” Power India Conference, 2006 IEEE.
[18] Saeed Shahabi, Davood Babazadeh, Rasul Esmaeilnia Shirvani, Mohammad Purrezagholi, “Mitigating ferroresonance in coupling capacitor voltage transformers with ferroresonance suppressing circuits,” EUROCON 2009, EUROCON '09. IEEE.
[19] 陳聰榮，「變壓器鐵磁共振之分析與模擬」，碩士論文，逢甲大學電機工程學系，民國九十二年。
[20] Zia Emin, Yu Kwong Tong, “Ferroresonance Experience in UK: Simulations and Measurements,” International Conference on Power Systems Transients 2001 (IPST 2001), 2001.
[21] D.R. Sevcik, C. W. Fromen, "HL&P CO. Experience with Ferroresonance Problems on EHV Equipment," Houston Lighting & Power Company, Alington Texas, Sep. 1980
[22] D. A. N. Jacobson, R. W. Menzies, “Investigation of Station Service Transformer Ferroresonance in Manitoba Hydro’s 230-kV Dorsey Converter Station,” International Conference on Power Systems Transients 2001 (IPST 2001), 2001.
[23] 張晉嘉，「台南科學園區345kV系統鐵磁共振現象之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學電機工程學系，民國九十五年。
[24] Philippe FERRACCI, “Cahier Technique No.190”, Schneider Electric.
[25] J. Horak, “A review of ferroresonance,” 57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004.
[26] M. Sanaye-Pasand, R. Aghazadeh, H. Mohseni, “Ferroresonance occurrence during energization of capacitive voltage substations,” IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2003.
[27] 楊天皓，「電力開關場之鐵磁共振與開關突波分析」，碩士論文，臺灣科技大學電機工程學系，民國九十七年
[28] 台灣電力公司網頁，電網供電資訊，
https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/page.aspx?mid=211&cid=342&cchk=c5e75b3b-8b71-4c21-9245-2ecc120d49f2
[29] 梁興華，「一次變電所之雷擊突波特性分析及其對設備之影響評估」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學電機工程學系，民國一百零一年。
[30] 范振航，「二次變電所及饋線之雷擊及開關突波特性分析及其對低壓用戶之影響評估」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學電機工程學系，民國一百零四年。
[31] 鄭沛昱，「161kV氣封絕緣開關設備比壓器鐵磁共振分析及抑制方法」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學電機工程學系，民國九十七年。
[32] 楊文隆，「161kV氣體絕緣開關裝置之比壓器暫態響應分析及改善」，碩士論文，國立臺灣科技大學電機工程學系，民國九十七年。