臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在1997年，Goodenough團隊提出LiMPO4的通稱，同年度Padhi提出並論證LiFePO4可做為可充電鋰離子電池的正極材料；在2000年，Amine 等人以實驗出橄欖石結構之LiCoPO4晶粒結構大小；2001年Yamada等人，以凝膠-溶膠合成橄欖石結構之LiMnPO4；在2004年，Herle等人以固態法合成橄欖石結構之LiNiPO4。
傳統上磷酸鋰鐵電池材料對於環境無害，取得方便，充電與放電間結構相似，運轉時安全穩定性佳。且地球上鐵的蘊藏豐富成本低、具熱穩定性佳、具電子導電循環性增強以及鋰離子間距離增加，故活性高，目前已廣泛應用在電動自行車、油電混合車與電動車。
因為LiFePO4複合材料，由於鐵元素導電能力較其他材料低，因此若使用碳包覆於正極材料，可提升至大規模、高速率或縮小晶粒徑度使離子空間增加，提升放電量；故嘗試提出四種正極材料LiCoPO4、LiMnPO4、LiNiPO4與LiFePO4，並個別探討其理論容量、充/放電脈衝功率、充/放電時間、COP與電流效率，可期望未來能應用在大型電動車輛、太陽能及風力發電的儲能設備、混合電動車，邁向高效益、低成本化產品時代。

In 1997, Goodenough et. Al. present the called of LiMPO4, at the same year, Padhi proves that LiFePO4 can be used as the cathode materials of rechargeable lithium-ion battery；In 2000, Amine et. Al. has investigate the crystal size of olivine structure LiCoPO4；In 2001, Yamada et. Al. has fabricated olivine structure LiCoPO4 by sol-gel；In 2004, Herle et. Al.has fabricated olivine structure LiNiPO4 by solid state method.
Traditional Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery is not harmless to environment, easy to obtain, the charge and discharge structure are similarity, very safe and stable while working. And the earth is rich of Iron, so the cost of iron is low, besides, iron has good thermal stability, high activity, so it has been widely use in hybrid vehicles, electric cars, electric bikes.
LiFePO4 compound material, iron’s conductivity is lower than other material, so if use carbon coated on the cathode, can improve to big scale, high rate or decrease crystal size to increase ion space, thus to increase dicharge. So we discuss four kinds of the cathode material: LiCoPO4、LiMnPO4、LiNiPO4 and LiFePO4,discuss the theoretical capacity, frequency of charge/discharge, COP and current efficiency, respectively. Hope we can use this technology on large electric vehicles, solar and wind power storage device, hybrid vehicle in the future, and into a high efficiency, low cost products generation.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.前言 1
2.研究動機與目的 1
3.文獻回顧 2
4.研究流程 3
5.論文內容 4
第二章 電力系統應用儲能技術 5
2.1電池儲能技術 6
2.1.1蓄電池 6
2.2控制和功率調節系統（C-PCS） 11
2.2.1儲能控制電源系統設計改善 11
2.2.2 BESS控制設計(間接應用)改善電力設備能力 13
2.3 電力驅動汽車（EDV）電池系統運用 14
2.4 儲能模式經濟和電力系統穩定特性 15
2.4.1 BESS模組成本經濟分析 15
2.4.2 BESS模型電力系統 16
2.5 BESS未來展望 17
2.5.1 BESS技術 17
第三章 各式鋰離子二次電池基本理論 19
3.1基本構造 19
3.1.1鋰離子電池特性 20
3.2氧化物型正極材料 21
3.2.1鈷酸鋰(LiCoO2) 21
3.2.2 鎳酸鋰(LiNiO2) 23
3.2.3 錳酸鋰(LiMn2O4) 25
3.2磷酸型正極材料 28
3.2.1磷酸鋰鈷(LiCoPO4) 28
3.2.2磷酸鋰鎳(LiNiPO4) 29
3.3.3磷酸鋰錳(LiMnPO4) 29
3.3.4磷酸鋰鐵(LiFePO4) 30
3.4負極材料 32
3.4.1碳材料 33
3.4.2非碳類材料 35
3.5電解質 35
3.5.1 LiPF3(C2F5)3 (LiFAP) 36
3.5.2 LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSI) 37
3.5.3 LiBC4O8 (LiBOB) 37
第四章 多元化型FePO4/LiFePO4/ LiFePO4/C鋰離子電池充電循環最佳化效益比較 38
4.1各型多元化鋰離子電池充/放電理論架構 38
4.2 FePO4物理特性 38
4.2.1 FePO4基礎理論 38
4.2.2 FePO4特性 39
4.3 LiFePO4物理特性 41
4.3.1 LiFePO4基礎理論 41
4.3.2 LiFePO4分子結構 42
4.3.3 LiFePO4特性 42
4.4 LiFePO4/C物理特性 44
4.4.1 LiFePO4/C基礎理論 44
4.4.2 奈米碳纖維官能基改質 44
4.4.3 LiFePO4/C分子結構 44
4.4.4 LiFePO4/C特性 45
4.5各型鋰離子電池充電循環特性 47
4.5.1 FePO4充電理論 47
4.5.2 LiFePO4充電理論 50
4.5.3 LiFePO4/C充電理論 54
第五章 多元化型LiMPO4鋰離子電池(M=Co、Mn、Ni、Fe)充/放電循環應用效益研究 56
5.1鋰電池作動原理 56
5.2 LiMPO4(M= Co、Mn、Ni) 58
5.3 鋰電池正極材料應用特性 58
5.4系統設計理論計算 59
5.4.1理論容量的計算 59
5.4.2電池系統性能分析 60
5.4.3 各型系統性能效率計算 61
5.5 結果與討論 65
第六章 結論 69
參考文獻 71
符號說明 78

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