臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

十九世紀末二十世紀初的法國音樂界，除了深受華格納風格衝擊外，同時也因普法戰爭（1870）的影響而孕育出濃厚的民族意識，而這股民族意識可視為日後興盛於兩次世界大戰間的「新古典主義」之先驅；本論文探討的作品：珍‧法翁賽（Jean Françaix, 1912-1997）創作之《單簧管與鋼琴的主題與變奏》（Theme and Variations for Clarinet and Piano），便是這兩股潮流匯集下的產生的傑作。

法翁賽的音樂創作手法，兼容了法國兩大派別之優點：一為受過學院派嚴謹之作曲訓練，並對和聲色彩有獨到見解；二為到了第一次大戰後，朝新古典主義之主流創作。法翁賽融合了這兩項優點，同時亦逐漸發展出個人的獨特音樂語言。

本論文分為五章節：第一章節敘述研究的方法與動機、文獻上的評述，提及曾讚賞法翁賽的作曲家及評論者。第二章節談論法翁賽的音樂創作背景，其中包含生平、音樂風格形成之來龍去脈，以及影響其創作的時代背景。第三章節就作曲手法上的特色加以舉例，提及融合新古典主義之理念，並加入十九世紀法國印象派平行手法、二十世紀發展的和聲進行等等。主要著重於「曲式架構」、「調性與和聲」、「旋律」等方面做探討。第四章節為演奏詮釋，以客觀的角度分析本作品結構，並加入個人詮釋觀點，提及練習過程中常見的問題。第五章節為結論，盼透過此研究，日後能更精確掌握法翁賽的音樂表現語法，以呈現出更有內涵之演奏藝術。

The French music from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century was deeply influenced by the style of Wagner. At the same time, it also developed its own national consciousness out of the outbreak of Franco-Prussian War in 1870. This consciousness was one of the main causes for the development of Neoclassicism between the two World Wars. This thesis attempts to delve into Jean Françaix’s Theme and Variations for Clarinet and Piano, a masterpiece produced under the influence of the two abovementioned trends.

Jean Françaix’s musical creation combines the excellences of two French schools. One is Academicism, which involves meticulous compositional trainings and idiosyncratic perspectives on harmonic colors. The other is Neoclassicism, whose merits are absorbed into his compositions during the First World War. The combination of the two contributes to Jean Françaix’s unique musical language.

The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the generalization. Chapter two deals with the background of Jean Françaix’s compositions, including his biographic information, musical style, and the musical trends during his time. In the third chapter, an analysis of Theme and Variations for Clarinet and Piano is provided, mainly focusing on formal structure, harmony, and melody. The fourth chapter discusses the compositional style and interpretation of the work. Through this research, the writer wishes to gain a deeper understanding of the musical language of Jean Françaix and to make an artistic interpretation of the work. The fifth chapter is the conclusion, which summarizes all the findings in the previous chapters as well as the writer’s personal interpretation of the work.

目次

論文摘要........................................i
目錄...........................................ii
表目錄..........................................v
圖目錄..........................................v
譜例目錄........................................vi

壹、緒論....................................1
第一節 研究目的與動機.......................1
第二節 研究範圍與方法.......................4
第三節 文獻探討.............................5


貳、作曲家生平及樂曲簡介.......................6
第一節 作曲家介紹...........................6
（一）生平介紹................................6
（二）創作風格................................9
（三）新古典主義..............................11
第二節 樂曲介紹.............................15
（一）作品背景................................15
（二）變奏曲..................................18

參、樂曲分析.................................25
第一節 曲式與結構...................25
第二節 調性與和聲...................26
（一）平行進行...............................26
（二）連續七、九和絃..........................28
（三）法國增六和絃...........................30
（四）變化半音................................31

第三節 旋律........................34
（一）主音音樂............................34


肆、演奏詮釋........................................36
第一節 主題...............................36
第二節 第一變奏…..........................39
第三節 第二變奏............................42
第四節 第三變奏............................44
第五節 第四變奏............................46
第六節 第五變奏…..........................48
第七節 裝飾奏..............................50
第八節 第六變奏.............................51


伍、結論...........................................58
參考書目...........................................60
附錄：法翁賽作品列表.................................63

一、中文書籍：

朱秋貨、高蓉（主編）（1990）。《現代音樂概論集欣賞》。北京：北京大學。

許榮鐘（主編）（2001）。《古典音樂400年－現代樂派大師》。台北：錦繡。

康謳（譯）（1990）。《二十世紀作曲法》。台北：全音。

宋威德（主編）（2007）。《單簧管基本吹奏技巧之研究》。桃園：原笙。

陳漢金（主編）（2008）。《您說是印象樂派?》。台北：中正文化。

廖宜慧（2005）。法朗賽《為低音管及弦樂五重奏的嬉遊曲》之作品研究與詮釋探討。東吳大學音樂系研究所碩士論文。

二、外文書籍：

Burbank, Richard. Twentieth Century Music. New York: Facts On File Publication, 1984.

Cooper, Martin. The Modern Age 1890-1960. London: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Grout, D. J. and Palisca, C. V. A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1980.

Kostka, Stefan. Materials and Techniques of Twentieth-Century Music. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1990.

Machlis, Joseph. Introduction to Contemporary Music. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1979.

Mawer, Deborah. The Cambridge Companion to Ravel. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Mellers, Wilfrid. Francis Poulenc. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Morgan, Robert P. Anthology of Twentieth-Century Music. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1992.

Orenstein, Arbie. Ravel: Man and Musician. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.

Randel, Don Michael. The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. London: Harvard University Press, 1986.

Rehfeldt, Phillip. New Directions for Clarinet. London: University of California Press, 1994.

Sadie, Stanley. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.London: Mcmillen Publishers, 2001.

Salzman, Eric. Twentieth-Century Music: An Introduction. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press, 1988.

Simms, Bryan R. Music of the Twentieth Century: Style and Structure. New York: Prentice Hall Press, 1995.

Slonimsky, Nicolas and Laura Kuhn. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 2 vol. New York: Schirmer Books, 2001.

Trezise, Simon. The Cambridge Companion to Debussy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.


三、期刊：

Françaix, Jean and Richard Langham Smith. “More Fauré than Ferneyhough.” The Musical Times, Vol. 133, No. 1797 (Nov., 1992), 555-557.

Johnson, James William. “What was Neo-Classicism?” The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Nov., 1969), 49-70.

O’ Loughlin, Niall. “Modern Wind.” The Musical Times, Vol. 113, No. 1554 (Aug., 1972), 802.


四、參考網址：

http://www.grovemusic.com（Accessed May 10, 2009）

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7aix（Accessed May 13, 2009）

http://www.requiem-voices.com（Accessed May 13, 2009）

http://www.requiem-voices.com/jfrancaix/oeuvre04.htm（Accessed May 13, 2009）

http://www.klassika.info/Komponisten/Francaix/wv_gattung.html（Accessed May 13, 2009）

http://site.voila.fr/jeanfrancaixconcours/anglais/jfranc/cajfrgb.htm（Accessed May 13, 2009）