臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來隨著政府週休二日的實施與國民旅遊卡的推動，更進一步帶動國人旅遊休閒的風潮，因此旅遊業更被視為一項蓬勃發展的服務業。在旅遊業中，其相關產業（如旅行社）擁有居中之結構地位，因為它受到上游事業體的影響，所以旅遊業的經營運作是需仰賴互惠合作，而擁有良好的合作關係網絡，將有助於旅遊產業的經營及發展，故本研究以旅遊產業網絡（industrial networks）為對象。採用紮根理論來進行旅遊產業合作網絡模式的建立，首先在資料收集的部份，針對景點、飯店、運輸、網站、旅行社等進行資料收集，並以開放編碼、主軸編碼與選擇編碼方式進行資料分析。由本研究所建構出之旅遊產業網絡關係合作模式，其內容包含網絡合作的動機、組織間之合作過程、關係品質以及績效評估四大部份，並由此模式得到以下六個結論：1.旅遊環境的改變以及合作夥伴間對於合作關係「互利」認知，將影響旅遊網絡合作動機的形成；2.網絡合作動機將影響組織間之合作過程；3.組織自我能力增進、合作對象的選擇以及組織間互動模式，將影響組織間之合作過程；4.組織間之合作過程將影響合作關係品質；5.關係品質將影響組織營運績效；6.組織營運績將影響網絡績效之績效評估。最後亦對於旅遊業者的網絡合作動機、合作模式的建立，以及合作績效之評量，提供具體的建議。

As the government implements the policies of two-day weekends and traveling card in recent years, the leisure and recreation become more important in the service industry. Due to the structural characteristics of tourism industry, enterprises in this industry need to cooperate for mutual benefits. So that they can achieve joint gains. This study construct a cooperative-based relationship model for tourism industry by taking tourism network as study case. Data are collected from several enterprises in tourism network. Data analysis and model construction are carried with open coding, axial coding and selection coding, which adopted from grounded theory. Based on the established theoretical model, we find that the perception on beneficial cooperation and environmental factors will influence the organization’s intention to enhance competence and inter-organization’s interaction mechanism. Organization’s intention to enhance competence and inter-organization’s interaction mechanism will influence the degree of relationship. Further, the degree of relationship will enhance organizational competence and improve organizational performance. Finally, the joint performances of tourism network, such as relationship efficiency and effectiveness will be higher. The managerial implications and suggestions about the motives of cooperation, establishment of cooperative model, and measure mentis of the cooperative performance for tourism industry are also provided.

第一章　緒論
第一節　研究背景------------------------------------------------------------------1
第二節　研究動機與目的---------------------------------------------------------3
第三節 研究流程------------------------------------------------------------------4
第二章　文獻回顧
第一節 產業網絡------------------------------------------------------------------5
第二節 組織間關係之相關理論-----------------------------------------------13
第三節 產業網絡之績效衡量--------------------------------------------------21
第四節 旅遊網絡關係初步模式-----------------------------------------------24
第三章　研究方法
第一節 研究方法之選擇--------------------------------------------------------26
第二節 紮根理論的進行步驟--------------------------------------------------29
第三節 信賴度的考量-----------------------------------------------------------36
第四章　實證結果
第一節 開放編碼-----------------------------------------------------------------41
第二節 主軸編碼-----------------------------------------------------------------45
第三節 選擇編碼-----------------------------------------------------------------75
第五章　結論與建議
第一節 研究發現與結論--------------------------------------------------------86
第二節 研究建議-----------------------------------------------------------------88
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------91
附錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------96

中文部份
1.江依芳，2003，生態旅遊服務品質、滿意度及行為意向關係之研究，朝陽科技大學休閒事業管理所碩士論文。
2.吳青松，1990，本國產業策略聯盟結構與績效之評估，發表於產業科技研究發展管理研討會，臺北：中國生產力中心。
3.吳思華，2000，策略九說，臺北：臉譜。
4.吳淑貞，2003，產業網絡、群聚現象與企業競爭力關係之研究－以兩岸製鞋業為例，中國文化大學觀光事業所碩士論文。
5.吳智伶，2001，旅遊網站經營模式，台灣大學商學研所碩士論文。
6.林　弘，2002，旅遊網站網路訂房服務品質之研究，政治大學經營管理學程碩士論文。
7.林彥甫，2004，旅行業網絡關係運用之研究－以台中市專營國民旅遊業務之旅行社為例，靜宜大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文。
8.容繼業，2002，旅行業理論與實務，臺北：揚智出版。
9.陳帝君，2003，旅行社選擇因素、社會交換前驅物及忠誠度關係之研究，銘傳大學觀光研究所碩士論文。
10.陳律睿，2002，中小企業聯盟關係與聯盟績效影響因素之研究，銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士論文。
11.潘淑滿，2003，質性研究－理論與運用，台北：心理出版社。
12.謝永茂，2002，旅行社網絡關係運用之研究－以專營出國旅遊之旅行社為例，靜宜大學觀光事業學系研究所碩士論文。
13.謝新梅，2001，農業旅遊事業策略聯盟與網路效果之研究，中華大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。

英文部份
1.Aulake, P. S. Masaaki, K. & Arrind, S. (1996). Trust and Performance in Cross-Broader Marketing Partnerships: A Behavioral Approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5), pp. 1005-1032.
2.Baranson, J. (1990). Transactional strategic alliances: Why, what, where and how. Multinational Business, 2(2), pp. 54-61.
3.Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp. 99-120.
4.Beamish, P. W. (1984). Joint Venture Performance in Developing Countries. Doctorsl Dissertation, University of Western Ontario, London.
5.Black, J. A. & Boal, K. B. (1994). Strategic Resources：Trait, Configurations and Paths to Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15(2), pp. 131-148.
6.Bourdieu, P. (1985). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, pp. 241-258.
7.Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: the Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
8.Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. S95-S120.
9.Dahlman, C. J. (1979). Econometric applications of maximum likelihood method. England: Cambridge University Press.
10.Dyer, J. H. & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23, pp. 660-679.
11.Galbraith J. K. (1969). The New Industrial State, Harmondsworth: Penguin,.
12.Garvin, D. A. (1993). Building a learning organization. Harvard Business Review, pp. 78-91.
13.Glaser, B. & Struss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago: Aldine Press.
14.Glasser, B. (1992). Emergence vs. Forcing: Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis, Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
15.Hakansson, (1989). Corporate Technological Behaviour: Co-operation and Networks. London: Routledge.
16.Hakansson, H. & Johanson, J. (1988). Industrial Functions of Business Relationships. Industrial Networks, 5.
17.Hämäläinen, T. (1993). The Organizational Consequences of Increasing Specialization and Division of Labor. GSM Working Paper Series, No. 93-25, Rutgers University Newark, New Jersey.
18.Hamel, G. (1991). Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning Within International Strategic Alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12, pp. 83-103.
19.Huber, G. P. (1991). Organizational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures. Organization Sciences, pp. 88-115.
20.Jarillo, J. C. (1988). On Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal, 9, pp. 31-41.
21.Johanson, L. & Mattsson, L. G. (1987). Interorganizational Relations in Industrial System: A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction-Cost Approach. International Studies of Management and Organization, 17, pp. 34-48.
22.Kamann, Dirk-jan F. & Dirk D. (1992). The Network Approach: Concepts and Applications. in the Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives, Edicted by Roberto Camagni, Belhaven Press, London and New York.
23.Kogut, B. (1988). Joint ventures：Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9, pp. 319-332.
24.Lesser, E. L. (2000). Leveraging social capital in organizations. In E.L. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital：Foundations and Application (pp. 3-16), Butter worth Heinemann, Boston.
25.Lyles, M A. (1998). Learning Among Joint Venture Sophisticated Firm, Management International Review, pp. 85-96.
26.Maxwell, J.A. (1996). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach, Sage.
27.Miles, R. E. & Snow, C. C. (1992). Cause of Failure in Network Organization. California Management Review, summer (2).
28.Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp. 242-266.
29.Pace, S. (2004). A Grounded Theory of the Flow Experience of Web Users. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 60, pp. 327-363.
30.Parry, K. W. (1998). Grounded Theory and Social Process: A New Direction for Leadership Research. Leadership Quarterly, 9:1, pp. 85-105.
31.Pearce, J. L. & Randel, A. E. (2004). Expectations of organizational mobility, workplace social inclusion, and employee job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25: pp. 81-98.
32.Pfeffer J. & Salancik G. R. (1978). The External Control of Organization：a Resource Dependence Perspective, New York, Happer & Row, Publisher.
33.Pfeffer, J. & Nowak, N. (1976), Joint Venture & Interorganizational Interdependence, Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, pp. 398-418.
34.Poon, A. (1993). Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies. Printed and Bound in the UK by Redwood Books, Trowbridge.
35.Roos J., Roos G., Nicola C. D., & Edvisson L. (1998). Intellectual Capital: Navigating the New Business Landscape, Macmillan press ltd.
36.Senge, P. M. (1994). The Fifth Discipline Field Book-strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization, New York.
37.Silverman, D. (1993). Interpreting Qualitative data: Methods for Analyzing Talk, Text, and Interaction. London: Sage.
38.Sinkula, J. M. (1994). Market information processing and organizational learning. Journal of Marketing, 58, pp. 35-45.
39.Stewart , Thomas A. (1997). Intellectual capital: the new wealth of organizations. Dell Publishing Group, Inc.
40.Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1997). Grounded theory in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41.Struss, A. & Corbin, J., (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and techniques, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
42.T. K. & Teng, B. (1998). Between Trust and Control: Developing Confidence in Partner Cooperation in Alliances. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), pp. 491-512.
43.Tsai, W. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital and value creation: the role of intrarfirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41, pp. 464-476.
44.Uzzi, B. (1996). The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect. American Sociological Review, 616, pp. 74-698.
45.Williamson & Oliver. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York：Free Press.
46.Williamson O. E. (1975). Markets and Hierarchies, Analysis and Antitrust Implications: a Study in the Economics of Internal Organization. New York：Free Press.
47.Yan, A. & Gray, B. (1994). Bargaining Power, Management Control, and Performance In United States-China Joint Ventures: A Comparative Case Study. Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), pp. 478-517