臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對校園實驗室廢棄物處理廠之前端管制分為產源、清運、進廠/貯存及處理等部份作探討。
由產源問卷調查結果可知，學校類型及職務與對實驗室廢液分類及廢液來源了解程度有一定之相關性，並以一般大學的成員了解程度最佳，而技職及高職了解較不佳，因此可以技職大專及高職類型學校學生做為加強宣導之對象。而在實驗室廢液分類滿意度方面以技職類型學校的滿意度最高，而以一般大學滿意度較不佳。學校類型及職務與實驗室廢液來源了解程度有一定之相關性，以一般大學的成員比較了解。此外、大部份的學校成員都是從實驗課程了解到實驗室廢液相關知識 故可透過實驗課程中利用光碟的宣導或藉由實際廢液分類教學來提昇廢液之相關知識。
清運機構進廠作業有部份缺失如:進廠時有未填寫廠內管制聯單、未隨車攜帶緊急危險處理計畫書及卸貨分類人員防護裝備不足等等。另外、從進廠廢液(有機類及無機類)分析結果可發現廢液分類標示與內容物會有所出入即分類不正確之情形發生。而廢液桶上之標籤紙及填寫在標籤紙上筆跡皆有脫落情形會導致標籤內容標示不清，無法了解其內容為何，造成管理上以及處理上的困擾。可藉由說明會辦時，加強宣導廢液分類正確以及標籤填寫完整性的重要性，以提昇標籤填寫完整性以利後續之管理。
由高級處理單元水質及鹽份特性分析結果顯示其導電度均超過60,000(μm/cm2)以上、TDS 亦達 27,000~60,000(mg/L)，而且其氯鹽亦有 4,000(mg/L)以上顯示物化系統各單元之水質，均顯示極高量之鹽份分佈於各單元之中。而從高級處理單元水質鹽份特性分析結果顯示，進入RO處理單元水質之導電度高達60,720(μm/cm2)，而經 RO 薄膜過濾後滲透液之導電度則為5,808(μm/cm2)，濃縮液為67,400 (μm/cm2)，顯示其系統所累積鹽份過高，造成薄膜阻塞，以致部份薄膜有破損現象。針對上述問題提出相關因應對策如下:
1. 評估改變焚化處理冷卻系統所形成結晶物質移除作業方式之
可行性。
2. 評估以目前濕式清洗移除作業後清洗水鹽份分離措施。
3. 評估以預熱高溫清洗水提升清洗移除作業後清洗水鹽份分離
措施。
最後，期藉由本研究對實驗廢棄物處理廠前端管制改善，以提昇
實驗廢棄物處理廠之營運、操作、管理等效能，且更永續營運發展。

In this study, the campus laboratory waste treatment plant into production of front-end control of the source, transportation, into the factories/ storage and disposal of part of a study.
Sources from the production survey results, school types and functions of the laboratory and liquid waste classification and liquid waste sources have some understanding of the relationship, and the University of members of the general understanding of the best, and technical and vocational college and higher vocational learn more Poor, it can be vocational and higher vocational schools students as a type of strengthening public awareness of the object. In laboratory liquid waste classification satisfaction with technical aspects of the types of schools are most satisfied, and to the University of satisfaction than the general poor. School types and functions and laboratory sources of liquid waste have a certain understanding of the relevance to the general member of the University of understand. In addition, most of the members of the school are from the experimental laboratory courses that liquid waste is through knowledge of the curriculum to promote the use of CD-ROM or liquid waste classification by the actual teaching to enhance the knowledge of the liquid waste.
The transportation bodies into the plant operating some deficiencies such as: into the factories have not filled out the single-plant control, not Suijuxiedai emergency plan on dealing with risk classification and discharge personnel protective equipment shortage. In addition, the liquid waste from the plant into the (organic and inorganic) of liquid waste classification results can be found marked with the contents of that access will not correct classification of the cases occurred. The labels on the barrels of liquid waste paper and fill in the labels on paper handwriting shedding situation would lead to both the content label marked unclear, unable to understand the contents of the management and handling problems. By that can be done, to enhance public awareness liquid waste classification and labelling correctly filled out the importance of integrity, to enhance the integrity of labels to help fill out follow-up management.
By the advanced water quality and salt processing unit of analysis showed that its conductivity were over 60000 (μm/cm2) above, TDS also reached 27000 ~ 60000 (mg/L), but also its chloride 4000 (mg/L ) Show that more than physical and chemical unit of the water system, have shown that a high amount of salt in the distribution of the elements. High processing units from the salinity of the water quality analysis showed that RO processing units into the conductivity of the water quality up to 60720 (μm/cm2), while the RO membrane filtration after the infiltration of conductive liquid compared with 5808 (μm/cm2), Concentrated liquid to 67400 (μm/cm2), showed that its system by the accumulated salt too high, causing obstruction film, which damaged part of a film phenomenon. To address the above issues related to countermeasures in response to the following:
1. Incineration assessment change cooling system formed by the crystallization of the material and remove operations feasibility.
2. Assessments to the current wet cleaning operations to remove salt from the water after the cleaning measures.
3. Preheating assessment to enhance high-temperature washing water washing after washing operation to remove salt from water measures.
Finally, the period of this study by the experimental front-end control of waste treatment plant improvements to upgrade the experimental operation of the waste treatment plant, operation, management performance, and more sustainable development operation.

中文摘要I
英文摘要III
誌謝VI
表目錄XI
圖目錄XVI
第一章 前言1
1-1 研究動機1
1-2 研究內容2
第二章 文獻回顧3
2-1校園廢棄物類別及數量3
2-2實驗室廢液管理及相關工作規範6
2-2-1現行實驗室廢液分類與標示6
2-2-2申報管制作業9
2-2-3貯存方式9
2-2-4清運作業12
2-3國立成功大學環資中心資源回收廠介紹14
2-3-1設立緣起、任務及功能15
2-3-2會員學校招募及服務16
2-3-3實驗室廢棄物分類17
2-3-4進廠及清運管制作業規範 17
2-3-5檢驗分析22
2-3-6廢棄物處理及管理規劃25
2-4廢液處理技術27
2-4-1物化處理技術27
2-4-2焚化處理技術30
2-4-3熔融處理技術31
2-5小結32
第三章 研究方法33
第四章 結果與討論35
4-1產源廢棄物特性35
4-1-1產源廢棄物成份分析35
4-1-2建議 36
4-2產源問卷調查分析41
4-2-1問卷內容統計分析42
4-2-2產源各主要影響因子間之相關性探討46
4-2-3小結 63
4-3清運65
4-3-1清運機構進廠情形65
4-3-2清運機構問卷調查66
4-3-3小結 74
4-4廢液進廠作業75
4-4-1廢液桶標籤抽樣分析75
4-4-2廢液進場管制作業82
4-4-3廢液貯存86
4-5處理系統問題與改善89
4-5-1物化系統處理單元水質鹽份特性分析89
4-5-2 RO薄膜單元鹽份特性分析90
4-5-3物化處理系統問題與對策 90
第五章 結論與建議93
5-1 結論 93
5 -2 建議 95
參考文獻97
附件100
附件一 教育部公告學校實驗室廢棄物暫行分類標準 100
附件二 環境資源中心實驗廢棄物分類標籤102
附件三 環境資源中心實驗廢棄物分類表103
附件四 會員學校問卷調查表105
附件五 清運機構問卷調查表107

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