臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究分為兩個部分，第一個部分使用三嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇-聚乙二醇 (Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol), PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG) 在兩種不同的化學溶膠凝膠法中製備奈米氧化鋅並探討成長變化。在實驗步驟 I 中改變反應的 pH 值，在 pH = 7 得到直徑150-500 nm，長度 1-3 μm，長徑比 5-10 的不規則長條狀氧化鋅；在 pH = 10 得到直徑 200-400 nm，長度 1-2 μm，長徑比 7-10 的棒狀氧化鋅。而實驗步驟 II裡乙醇為溶劑，在常溫下使用超音波震盪並改變靜置時間，氧化鋅的結構在球胞狀表面向外長晶。從 XRD 及 FESEM 中得知粒徑大小，使用 UV-light 得知具有吸收紫外光及可見光的特性。
第二部分利用在不同比例的新型彈性體烯烃嵌段共聚合物 (Olefin blockcopolymer, OBC) 及環保材料聚己內酯 ( Polycarpolactone, PCL) 為塑膠連續相，並以矽膠 (silicone rubber) 為交聯分散相，探討此類熱塑性彈性體材料填充時的加工成型特性，機械性質及形狀記憶特性應用。在本研究中，藉由加入材料順序不同的調整下，以過氧化物 (Dicumyl Peroxide, DCP) 為接枝起始劑，可以增進彈性體合膠 (OBC/PCL/Silicone) 三相系統的相容性及系統穩定性。最後則探討
將自行製備的氧化鋅應用於彈性體材料中，此彈性體材料使用烯烴嵌段共聚物(olefin block copolymer, OBC)、環保材料聚己內酯 (polycaprolactone, PCL) 與矽膠 (silicone) 三者的混合物。首先過氧化物 (dicumyl peroxide, DCP) 作為起始接枝劑與 OBC 混合，並且在 135 oC 下依序加入 PCL 及 silicone 混練熱壓得到試片 OBC/PCL/silicone，最後將自製氧化鋅 (zinc oxide, ZnO) 加入。凝膠量測試中發現依照 A 劑比 B 劑比例為 20:1 的 silicone 加入混練的OBC/PCL/silicone 60/40/20 在數據上最為穩定。加入 silicone 之後的OBC/PCL/Silicone(1) 60/40/20 凝膠量提升至17.5 % ± 2.4 %，但最後加入氧化鋅之後，OBC/PCL/Silicone(1)-ZI-10 60/40/20 凝膠量下降至8.2 % ± 0.3%，OBC/PCL/Silicone(1)-ZII-12 60/40/20 降至9.1 % ± 1.5%。FT-IR 中確認OBC/PCL/Silicone(1) 60/40/20 在 3611 cm-1、3431 cm-1、2989 cm-1、1720 cm-1 等波數上出現特徵值，可以證明 PCL 及 silicone 與 OBC 有接枝成功。UV 中發現在 350 nm ~ 380 nm 時，添加 ZnO nanorods 的和 blends 相較起未添加ZnO nanorods 的 OBC/PCL blends 具有明顯的吸收峰。SEM 發現，蝕刻未交聯部分後，OBC/PCL/silicone(1) 60/40/20 的合膠界面殘留片狀及溝狀結構，加入silicone 使內部交聯提升。DSC 測試中發現，加入silicone 對於結晶溫度及熔化溫度影響不大，其中結晶溫度 (Tc) 稍微下降，熔點 (Tm) 略微提升。結晶度的結果中發現，silicone 添加後交聯度的提升，影響 PCL 的結晶，造成結晶度下降。DMA 測試中，發現 OBC/PCL/silicone(1) 60/40/20 的 Tg 為 -59.2 oC，較OBC/PCL 60/40 的 Tg 為 -49.8 oC 還低，加入了 silicone 使得系統的耐低溫性更優良。抗張測試中，加入了 silicone 之後的OBC/PCL/Silicone(1) 60/40/20，拉伸強度、延伸率及楊氏模數的數值都降低，其楊氏係數的數據最低。在 65 oC 的形狀記憶測試中觀察到，加入了 silicone 之後的 OBC/PCL/Silicone(1) 60/40/20，其形狀固定率略微下降至 90.5 % ± 1.9，維持形狀回復率94.3 % ± 0.57 %，與OBC/PCL 60/40 相差不多；OBC/PCL/Silicone(2) 60/40/20 形狀固定率略微下降至89.0 % ± 0.4，形狀回復率些微提升至 94.6 % ± 0.5 %。在 120 oC 的形狀記憶測試中發現，silicone 對於固定在 OBC 及 PCL 中產生的交聯反應，具有形狀記憶效果的幫助。

Zinc oxide synthesized with two different sol-gol methods. Firstly, put zinc nitrate
solution (Zn(NO3)2), PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG (poly(ethylene
glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)) and NH3OH
(ammonium hydroxide solution) into a 250 mL beaker, heated to 65 oC until 1/3
solution left. Vigorous stirring was maintained throughout the entire process, and then
calcinating the white powder at 600 oC. Secondly, zinc nitrate aqueous solution
(Zn(NO3)2) and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (NaOH) were added into alcohol,
and then ethylenediamine (EDTA) was added. After the solution stirred, put into a
sonication bath at room temperature for 60 minutes. The solution was dried onder
ambient conditions, then washed with water and alcohol, and dried in the air. The
morphology of the ZnO was bundle of needle shape.
The OBC (olefin block copolymer) was mixed with DCP (dicumyl peroxide), PCL
(polycaprolactone), and silicone rubber to form OBC/PCL/silicone blends at 135 oC.
The system of OBC/PCL/silicone was fixed at 60/40/20, and the ratio of the reagent A
and reagent B of silicone was chosen as 20：1, as the degree of crosslinking and gel
content were the most uniform and reproducible. FT-IR curves proved that after
silicone added as useful. From the result of SEM (Scanning electron microscope), the
etched OBC/PCL/silicone revealed the OBC/PCL domains. The result of DSC
(Differential scanning calorimetry) indicated that when the degree of crosslinking
increased, the degree of crystallization decreased. The results of DMA (Dynamic
mechanical analysis) showed that the Tg of OBC/PCL/silicone 60/40/20 and
OBC/PCL 60/40 was -59.2 oC and -49.8 oC, respectively, indicating an increased low
temperature flexibility for silicone-filled system. The results of the recovery fixity (Rf)
and recovery ratio (Rr) showed limited difference between OBC/PCL 60/40 and
OBC/PCL/silicone 60/40/20. The results of TGA (Thermogravimetric analyzer)
analysis indicated a significant increase in the thermal stability for silicone-filled
system.

摘要 III
ABSTRACT V
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究背景及動機 2
1-3 研究方向 2
第二章 文獻回顧 5
第三章 實驗內容 27
第一部分：奈米棒狀氧化鋅的製備 27
3-1-1 實驗材料 27
3-1-2 實驗設備與儀器 28
3-1-3 實驗步驟與流程 30
3-1-3-1 Procedure I (ZI-7 and ZI-10) modified from the reference [14]. 30
3-1-3-2 Procedure II-(ZII-12 and ZII-36) modified from [16] 31
3-1-4 氧化鋅的製備 32
3-1-5 微結構分析 33
3-1-5-1 X 光繞射分析儀 (X-ray Diffractometer, XRD) 33
3-1-5-2掃描式電子顯微鏡-能量色散 X 射線光譜 (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, SEM-EDS) 33
3-1-5-3 場發射式掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, FESEM) 34
3-1-5-4 穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM) 34
第四章 結果與討論 35
4-1-1 微結構分析 35
4-1-1-1 X 光繞射分析儀 (X-ray Diffractometer, XRD) 35
4-1-1-2掃描式電子顯微鏡-能量色散 X 射線光譜 (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, SEM-EDS) 39
4-1-1-3 場發射式掃描式電子顯微鏡分析 (FESEM) 44
4-1-1-4穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM) 48
第五章 結論 49
第三章 實驗內容 50
第二部分：氧化鋅於形狀記憶彈性體的應用 50
3-2-1 實驗材料 50
3-2-2 實驗設備與儀器 51
3-2-3 實驗步驟與流程 53
3-2-4 樣品製備 54
3-2-4-1 Silicone 預處理製備 54
3-2-4-2 混練 54
3-2-4-3 熱壓試片 55
3-2-5 化學結構分析 56
3-2-5-1 凝膠量測定(Gel Content) 56
3-2-5-2 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, FT-IR) 56
3-2-5-3 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜儀 (UV-Visible Absorption Spectra, UV-vis) 56
3-2-6 微結構分析 57
3-2-6-1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) 57
3-2-7 熱性質分析 57
3-2-7-1 熱重量分析儀 (Thermogravimeteric Analyzer, TGA) 57
3-2-7-2 示差掃描熱分析儀 (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) 57
3-2-7-3 動態機械性質分析 (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, DMA) 58
3-2-8 機械性質分析 58
3-2-8-1 拉伸測試 (Tensile test) 58
3-2-8-2 形狀記憶測試 59
第四章 結果與討論 61
4-2-1 化學結構分析 61
4-2-1-1 凝膠量測定(Gel Content) 61
4-2-1-2傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, FT-IR) 64
4-2-1-3 UV 67
4-2-2 微結構分析 69
4-2-2-1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) 69
4-2-3 熱性質分析 74
4-2-3-1 熱重量分析儀 (Thermogravimeteric Analyzer, TGA) 74
4-2-3-2熱示差掃瞄卡量計 (DSC) 78
4-2-3-3 動態機械性質分析 DMA 82
4-2-4 機械性質分析 86
4-2-4-1 拉伸測試 (Tensile test) 86
4-2-4-2 形狀記憶測試 91
第五章 結論 96
第六章 文獻回顧 97
附錄 I. 103

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