臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對目前因使用灌溉水源而使農地遭受重金屬污染原因進行分析。主要研究區域以桃園地區一處高污染潛勢之灌溉小組進行農地土壤污染調查工作。透過底泥與水質等傳輸途徑掌握目標族群內可能污染來源，以建立污染樣區之概念模式。
本研究在農地土壤調查中共採集350筆土樣，其中發現有202筆達到法規所定管制之標準，初步估計受污染面積約29公頃，超過管制標準重金屬以銅、鋅為主。以污染坵塊空間分佈而言，引灌區域排水之灌溉小組具有較高比例之污染；另由底泥調查結果發現重金屬高濃度仍以銅為主要污染物，且部分調查點位與特定可疑污源具有相關性；為得知污染之因果關係，以地理統計判斷目標重金屬之危害範圍。
經由土壤、底泥與水質連續監測結果，初步可歸納污染原因包括：1.桃園圳僅40％供應引灌用水，下游水量不足，導致引用受重金屬污染之區域排水（如埔心溪）做為灌溉水之農田污染；2.放流水標準低於灌溉用水水質標準，經長期引灌導致重金屬累積於農地土壤中。
因此利用農地土壤分析結果與了解污染源主要影響農地方式後，可了解其所篩選出的高污染潛勢區必需輔以其他方法佐證，如超過管制之標準比例、水利會水質監視點資料、底泥分析數據，工廠分布位置以及農試所點位的空間分布等，皆有必要加以審慎評估之，更可透過地理資訊系統分析方式找出污染成因。

This study aimed to analyze the causes of heavy metal pollution in farmlands using irrigation water. The research area covered the farmlands with irrigation of high pollution potentials in the Taoyuan area. Through transmission channels such as sediment and water, possible sources of pollution in the target groups were obtained to build a conceptual model for the pollution sample area.
In this study, during the farmland soil investigation, 350 soil samples were retrieved. Among them, 202 are higher than the control standards according to the laws and regulations. According to the initial estimations, about 29 hectares were polluted. The heavy metal over the control standards were mainly copper and zinc. Based on the special distribution of the polluted blocks, higher percentages of pollutions were found around the areas using local drainage for irrigation. In addition, according to the results of the sediment investigation, the heavy metal of high concentration, which was main pollutant, was still copper. Also, some investigation locations were related to certain possible sources of pollution. In order to find out the causal relationships regarding the pollution, the hazard range of the target heavy metal was determined using geographic statistics.
According to the results from the continuous monitoring of the soil, sediment, and water quality, the causes of pollution can be initially summarized into the followings: (1) only 40% of the irrigation water was from the Taoyuan irrigation aqueduct. In downstream areas, there wasn’t enough irrigation water. Therefore, local drainage (e.g. Puhsin River) which was polluted by heavy metal was used for irrigation, leading to pollution in the farmlands; and (2) the effluent standard was lower than the irrigation water quality standard and irrigation for a long time led to the accumulations of heavy metal inside the farmlands.
Therefore, after obtaining the results from the analyses of farmland soil and understanding how the sources of pollution influenced the farmlands, it was found that still other methods were required to support the fact that the selected area was of high potential of pollution. For example, percentage of areas over the control standard, data from the water quality monitoring stations of the Irrigation Association, analysis data of the sediment, geographic distribution of the factories, and geographic distribution of the agricultural research institutes all should be evaluated carefully. Furthermore, through the analysis methods of the GIS, causes of pollution may be found.

第一章 前言 1
1–1 研究緣起 1
1–2 研究目的 2

第二章 文獻回顧 3
2–1 土壤環境中重金屬的來源 3
2-1-1 土壤環境中的重金屬 3
2-1-2 重金屬-銅及鋅之基本特性 3
2–2 研究樣區背景 5
2-2-1 桃園地區氣象條件 5
2-2-2 研究樣區地質條件 6
2-2-3 土壤質地條件 6
2-2-4 地籍圖、灌溉溝渠分佈與灌溉水方式 7
2–3 研究樣區過去調查結果 8
2-3-1 樣區內過去－農試所250公尺網格調查資料摘要 8
2-3-2全國重金屬高污染潛勢農地管制及調查計畫結果摘要 10
2–4 過去樣區內灌溉水質與渠道底泥調查彙整 11
2-4-1 全國重金屬高污染潛勢農地管制及調查計畫之結果彙整 11
2-4-2 研究樣區農田水利會歷年水質監測結果彙整 13
2–5 研究樣區之灌溉排水系統討論 15
2–6 研究樣區之稻作灌期與作物類型討論 17

第三章 樣區採樣與調查方法 18
3–1 樣區調查工作項目與流程 18
3–2 樣區內農地土壤佈點原則及方式 20
內容標題 頁次
3–3 樣區農地土壤污染調查方法 21
3-3-1 樣區農地及灌渠系統勘查 21
3-3-2 樣區農地坵塊勘查、採樣規劃說明 23
3-3-3 樣區內農地灌渠系統勘查與確認 26
3–4 樣區渠道水質調查方式 27
3-4-1 樣區水質自動連續監測儀器設置說明 27
3–5 樣區渠道底泥調查方式 28
3-5-1 埔心溪灌溉系統底泥規劃說明 28

第四章 結果與討論 30
4–1 研究樣區內農地土壤使用調查結果 30
4–2 樣區灌溉水係污染潛勢評析 34
4–3 樣區內渠道水質調查成果 39
4–4 樣區內底泥調查成果 45
4-4-1 底泥採樣現況說明 45
4-4-2 底泥分析結果 46

第五章 結論與建議 52
5–1 結論 52
5–2 建議 54

第六章 參考文獻 55

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