臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

破囊壺藻屬於異營性微藻的一種，油脂占細胞乾重比例可達50 % ，被認為具有開發生質燃料的潛力，在某些藻種甚至會產生類胡蘿蔔素等高價化合物，本研究篩選出Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 作為最適化條件生產蝦紅素及生命週期評估之藻種。培養基篩選階段，其結果顯示在相同碳源濃度及相同碳氮比下，高含氮量之培養基利於Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45累積DHA，低含氮量之培養基較利於破囊壺藻累積蝦紅素。
發酵培養結果顯示，Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45不適合以廢食用油做為碳源進行培養，此外，饋料批次培養下，有無照射LED藍光對於蝦紅素累積之結果有顯著差異，沒有照射LED藍光之Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45，每單位藻體累積蝦紅素含量為7.27 g/g，蝦紅素總產量為62.17 g/L，若在發酵培養過程中輔以LED藍光照射，每單位藻體累積蝦紅素含量可達28.20 g/g，蝦紅素總產量達172.06 g/L，提升約4倍。
針對Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45發酵培養之蝦紅素結果進行碳足跡與環境衝擊之生命週期評估，其功能單位為1 g 蝦紅素。培養階段之排放源不論在碳足跡或環境衝擊皆有著極大的占比，培養階段排放之碳足跡約2,180 kgCO2e/g，主要來自培養期間LED照光所需之電力；環境衝擊之致癌風險類別，有部分比例來自萃取階段使用的丙酮。
現有的異營微藻研究大多針對藻類生質燃料，對於保健食品、化妝品等研究非常少，其中，針對異營性微藻生產保健食品之生命週期評估更是幾乎沒有，因此，本文可對異營性藻類生產蝦紅素之生命週期評估研究盡一份貢獻。

Thraustochytrids is a kind of heterotrophic microalgae. The ratio of lipid to cell dry weight can reach 50%. It is considered to have the potential to develop the biofuel. In some species, even high valued compounds such as carotenoids are produced. This study selected Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 as the optimal condition for the production of astaxanthin and life cycle assessment. During the screening stage of the medium, the results showed that the medium with high nitrogen content favored the accumulation of DHA. At the same carbon source concentration and the C/N ratio, the medium with low nitrogen content was more favorable for the accumulation of astaxanthin.
Fermentation culture results showed that Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 is not suitable for the cultivation of waste cooking oil as a carbon source. In addition, there is a significant difference in the accumulation of astaxanthin with or without LED blue light at Fed-batch cultivation. Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 without LED blue light, the accumulation of astaxanthin per unit algae is 7.27 g/g, and the total yield of astaxanthin is 62.17 g/L. If it is with LED blue light during fermentation, the accumulation of astaxanthin per unit algae can reach 28.20 g/g, and the total output of astaxanthin is 172.06 g/L, which is about 4 times higher.
The life cycle assessment of carbon footprint and environmental impact was performed on the results of the astaxanthin cultured in Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45. The functional unit was 1 g astaxanthin. The cultivation stage is a great emission source of carbon footprint and environmental impact. The carbon footprint of the cultivation stage is about 2,180 kgCO2e/g, mainly from the electricity required for LED illumination. The acetone used in the extraction stage is a great impact source at Carcinogens category .

Most of the existing research on micro-algae put a lot of effort on algae biofuels. However, there are very few studies on health foods and cosmetics. The life cycle assessment of health foods for heterotrophic microalgae is almost none. Therefore, the present investigation contributes to the life cycle assessment study of the astaxanthin production in heterotrophic algae.

目錄
論文審定書 ....................................................................................................... i
中文摘要 .......................................................................................................... ii
英文摘要 ......................................................................................................... iii
目錄 ......................................................................................................... iv
圖目錄 ....................................................................................................... viii
表目錄 ........................................................................................................ xii
壹、 緒論 ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言 ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究動機與目標 .................................................................................. 2
1.3 研究架構 .............................................................................................. 2
貳、 文獻回顧 ........................................................................................... 3
2.1 破囊壺藻簡介 ...................................................................................... 3
2.2 蝦紅素簡介 .......................................................................................... 4
2.3 二十二碳六稀酸(DHA) ............................................................................ 5
2.4 生命週期評估 ...................................................................................... 6
2.4.1 生命週期評估簡介 ........................................................................ 6
2.4.2 目標與範疇 (Goal and Scope) ...................................................... 7
2.4.3 生命週期盤查分析 (Life Cycle Inventory, LCI) .......................... 7
2.4.4 生命週期衝擊評估 (Life Cycle Impact Assessment, LCIA) ....... 7
2.4.5 生命週期結果闡釋 (Life Cycle Interpretation) ............................ 9
參、 材料方法 ........................................................................................... 9
3.1 培養條件 .............................................................................................. 9
3.2 最適化培養 ........................................................................................ 10
3.2.1 藻株篩選 ................................................................................... 10
3.2.2 培養基篩選 ............................................................................... 10


vi
3.2.3 發酵槽最適化培養 ....................................................................... 11
3.3 分析方法 ................................................................................................. 12
3.3.1 細胞乾重測定 .............................................................................. 12
3.3.2 萃取 ............................................................................................... 12
3.3.3 定量分析 ................................................................................... 13
3.3.3 葡萄糖測定分析 ....................................................................... 14
3.3.4 統計分析 ................................................................................... 14
3.4 藍光 LED 架設 ........................................................................................ 15
3.5 生命週期評估 .......................................................................................... 15
3.5.1 目標 (goal) ................................................................................... 15
3.5.2 系統邊界 (system boundary) ...................................................... 15
3.5.3 功能單位 (functional unit, FU) ................................................... 15
3.5.4 分析軟體及資料來源 .................................................................. 16
3.5.5 個案模擬情境分析說明 .............................................................. 16
3.5.6 假設條件與分配原則 .................................................................. 16
3.5.7 模擬情境資料處理 ....................................................................... 17
3.5.8 分析方法 ....................................................................................... 17
肆、 結果 ................................................................................................. 19
4.1 藻株篩選 .................................................................................................. 19
4.2 培養基篩選 .............................................................................................. 20
4.2.1 不同碳氮濃度下對破囊壺藻的生長影響 ................................ 20
4.2.2 不同氮數下對破囊壺藻生產高價化合物的影響 ................... 21
4.3 發酵槽最適化培養 .................................................................................. 22
4.4 生命週期評估 .......................................................................................... 24
4.4.1 碳足跡 ........................................................................................... 24
4.4.2 環境衝擊 ....................................................................................... 25


伍、 討論 ................................................................................................. 27
5.1 破囊壺藻 Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 培養 ............................................. 27
5.2 生命週期評估 .......................................................................................... 31
陸、 結論 ................................................................................................. 32
參考文獻 ........................................................................................................ 34
附錄 ........................................................................................................ 41
表 .................................................................................................................... 41
圖 .................................................................................................................... 49

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