臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文旨在模擬實現配電型靜態同步補償器 (Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator，Dstatcom)以改善共耦合端因負載造成的電力品質問題，藉由不同的控制策略來分析負載電流，並推算出理想的目標電流參考量，最後藉由電流控制技術，產生脈波寬調變訊號送至三相二階變流器對共耦合端進行補償。
傳統是使用瞬時虛功理論做為控制策略，但此控制策略無法有效改善電流不平衡的問題，透過使用自適應性理論能有效改善這個問題，傳統自適應性理論是透過最小均方法進行權重更新，不過發現這樣的權重更新方式在穩態下有震盪現象，因此本文使用另一套權重更新方式發現相較於最小均方法其暫態響應更好，同時在穩態時能得到更精確且穩定的權重。
透過進行各種狀況的模擬實驗，觀察各種方法的補償效果，並同時凸顯本文方法的優勢。

The goal of this thesis is to show the improvement of the power quality which sometimes distorted by various load with DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator). We use different control strategies to analyze load current and calculate the ideal reference current. Once we calculate the reference current, we use PWM Technique to generate compensation current which generated by three phase two-level inverter.

Instaneous Power Theory is a traditional control strategy which is uncapable of dealing with the unbalance current situation. ADALINE theorem is a ideal way to solve this problem. LMS algorithm is traditionaly used for updating weight of Adaline theorem. However we discover that there is unstable steady stae by using LMS algorithm. As a result, another algorithm presented in this thesis is applied to deal with. After doing lots of experiement we discover the algorithm presented in ths paper has better performane in both transient state and steady state.

Finally, we do all kinds of experiement to see the the performance based on aboved-mentioned three different strategies mentioned above. Beside we work hard to show the adavantage of the algorithm presented in this thesis.

目錄
論文摘要 iv
Abstract v
致謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xii
表目錄 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 文獻探討 3
1-3 論文大綱 5
第二章 電力品質概述與現行管制標準及規範 6
2-1 功率因數定義 6
2-2 諧波電流 7
2-3 電流不平衡 8
2-4 電壓驟升、驟降 8
2-5 現行管制標準與規範 8
2-5-1 功率因數標準 9
2-5-2 諧波電流規範 9
2-5-3 電流不平衡規範 12
2-5-4 電壓驟升、驟降規範 12
第三章 配電型靜態同步補償器控制策略 14
3-1 配電型靜態同步補償器架構 14
3-2 控制策略 15
3-2-1 瞬時虛功理論 (Instantaneous Power Theory) 15
3-2-1-1瞬時虛功理論功率因數校正模式 (PFC mode) 15
3-2-1-2瞬時虛功理論零電壓調制模式 (ZVR mode) 18
3-2-2 以自適應性為基礎之最小均方法 (Adaline-based Least Mean Square Algorithm) 19
3-2-2-1最小均方法功率因數校正模式 (PFC mode) 19
3-2-2-2最小均方法零電壓調制模式 (ZVR mode) 21
3-3 策略總結 22
第四章 動作原理 23
4-1 控制策略 23
4-1-1鎖相迴路 26
4-1-2適應線性理論推算目標參考量 28
4-1-3遞迴式最小二乘方法 29
4-2 電流控制及脈波寬調變訊號 34
4-2 直流鏈電壓控制 36
第五章 模擬實驗結果 37
5-1 Case1：在PFC mode下平衡電感性負載 39
5-1-1 Case1未補償模擬 40
5-1-2 Case1透過瞬時虛功理論補償模擬 41
5-1-3 Case1透過自適應性最小均方法補償模擬 42
5-1-4 Case1透過自適應性遞迴式最小二乘方法補償模擬 43
5-1-5 Case1策略比較及討論 44
5-2 Case2：在PFC mode下平衡非線性負載 44
5-2-1 Case2未補償模擬 45
5-2-2 Case2透過瞬時虛功理論補償模擬 46
5-2-3 Case2透過自適應性最小均方法補償模 47
5-2-4 Case2透過自適應性遞迴式最小二乘方法補償模擬 49
5-2-5 Case2策略比較及討論 50
5-3 Case3：在PFC mode下不平衡電感性負載 51
5-3-1 Case3未補償模擬 52
5-3-2 Case3透過瞬時虛功理論補償模擬 53
5-3-3 Case3透過自適應性最小均方法補償模擬 54
5-3-4 Case3透過自適應性遞迴式最小二乘方法補償模擬 56
5-3-5 Case3策略比較、討論及權重暫態之分析 58
5-4 Case4：在PFC mode下不平衡非線性負載 59
5-4-1 Case4未補償模擬 60
5-4-2 Case4透過瞬時虛功理論補償模擬 61
5-4-3 Case4透過自適應性最小均方法補償模擬 62
5-4-4 Case4透過自適應性遞迴式最小二乘方法補償模擬 64
5-4-5 Case4策略比較、討論及權重暫態之分析 66
5-5 Case5：在ZVR mode下不平衡負載發生變動 67
5-5-1 Case5未補償模擬 68
5-5-2 Case5透過瞬時虛功理論補償模擬 69
5-5-3 Case5透過自適應性最小均方法補償模擬 70
5-5-4 Case5透過自適應性遞迴式最小二乘方法補償模擬 71
5-5-5 Case5策略比較及討論 72
第六章 結論與未來發展 73
6-1 結論 73
6-2 未來研究方向 74
參考文獻 75
圖目錄
圖2-1 CBEMA部分的曲線 13
圖2-2 120V敏感性電腦設備之ITI曲線 13
圖3-1併接於電網上之配電型靜態同步補償器 14
圖3-2瞬時虛功理論在功率因數校正模式控制架構圖 16
圖3-3瞬時虛功理論在零電壓調制模式控制架構圖 18
圖3-4最小均方法在功率因數校正模式控制架構圖 19
圖3-5最小均方法在零電壓調制模式控制架構圖 21
圖4-1遞迴式最小二乘方法在功率因數校正模式控制架構圖 24
圖4-2遞迴式最小二乘方法在零電壓調制模式控制架構圖 25
圖4-3同步旋轉框鎖相控制架構圖 26
圖4-4座標軸旋轉 27
圖4-5自適應線性理論架構圖 28
圖4-6電流控制架構圖 34
圖4-7脈波寬調變示意圖 35
圖4-8電容穩壓控制圖 36
圖5-1配電型靜態同步補償器系統模擬架構圖 37
圖5-2直流鏈電壓模擬波形圖 39
圖5-3 Case1平衡電感性負載之模擬電路圖 39
圖5-4 Case1未補償前(a)電源電壓、(b)電源電流 40
圖5-5 Case1 p-q補償後(a)電源電壓、(b)電源電流、(c)補償電流 41
圖5-6 Case1 LMS法補償後(a)電源電壓、(b)電源電流、(c)補償電流 42
圖5-7 Case1 RLS法補償後(a)電源電壓、(b)電源電流、(c)補償電流 43
圖5-8平衡非線性負載之模擬電路圖 44
圖5-9 Case2未補償前(a)~(c)各相電源電流 45
圖5-10 Case2 p-q補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流、(d)三相補償電流 46
圖5-11 Case2 p-q補償後a相電源電流之快速傅立葉分析圖 46
圖5-12 Case2 LMS補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流、(d)三相補償電流 47
圖5-13 Case2 LMS補償後a相電源電流之快速傅立葉分析圖 48
圖5-14 Case2 RLS補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流、(d)三相補償電流 49
圖5-15 Case2 RLS補償後a相電源電流之快速傅立葉分析圖 49
圖5-16不平衡感性負載模擬電路圖 51
圖5-17 Case3未補償前(a)三相電源電壓、(b)~(d)各相電源電流 52
圖5-18 Case3 p-q補償後(a)三相電源電壓、(b)~(d)各相電源電流、(e)補償電流 53
圖5-19 Case3 LMS補償後(a)三相電源電壓、(b)~(d)各相電源電流、(e)補償電流 54
圖5-20 Case3負載發生變動LMS補償後(a)三相電源電壓、(b)~(d)各相電源電流 55
圖5-21 Case3 RLS補償後(a)三相電源電壓、(b)~(d)各相電源電流、(e)補償電流 56
圖5-22 Case3負載發生變動RLS補償後(a)三相電源電壓、(b)~(d)各相電源電流 57
圖5-23 Case3負載發生變動LMS權重更新圖 58
圖5-24 Case3負載發生變動RLS權重更新圖 58
圖5-25不平衡非線性負載模擬電路圖 59
圖5-26 Case4未補償前(a)~(c)各相電源電流 60
圖5-27 Case4 p-q補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流 61
圖5-28 Case4 LMS補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流、(d)三相補償電流 62
圖5-29 Case4 負載發生變動LMS補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流 63
圖5-30 Case4 RLS補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流、(d)三相補償電流 64
圖5-31 Case4 負載發生變動LMS補償後(a)~(c)各相電源電流 65
圖5-32 Case4負載發生變動LMS權重更新圖 66
圖5-33 Case4負載發生變動RLS權重更新圖 66
圖5-34 配電系統中負載發生變動之模擬電路圖 67
圖5-35 Case5未補償前(a)各相電源電壓、(b)共耦合端電壓 68
圖5-36 Case5 p-q補償後(a)各相電源電壓、(b)共耦合端電壓 69
圖5-37 Case5 LMS補償後(a)各相電源電壓、(b)共耦合端電壓 70
圖5-38 Case5 RLS補償後(a)各相電源電壓、(b)共耦合端電壓 71
表目錄
表2-1電流失真限制規範(120 V至69 kV) 10
表2-2電流失真限制規範(69.001 kV至161 kV) 11
表2-3電流失真限制規範(大於161 kV) 11
表5-1系統模擬參數規格 38
表5-2平衡電感性負載之模擬參數 39
表5-3平衡非線性負載之模擬參數 45
表5-4不平衡感性負載之實驗參數 51
表5-5不平衡感性負載發生變動之實驗參數LMS 54
表5-6不平衡感性負載發生變動之實驗參數RLS 57
表5-7不平衡非線性負載之實驗參數 .60
表5-8不平衡非線性負載發生變動之實驗參數LMS .63
表5-9不平衡非線性負載發生變動之實驗參數RLS .65
表5-10配電系統中負載發生變動之模擬實驗參數 68

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