臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去研究以密碼學（Cryptography）為基礎來進行資訊隱藏，導致忽略加密對結果的影響。因此本研究提出一個新的資訊隱藏技術，以自組織映射圖（Self-Organizing Map）為基礎，輔以最低位元取代法（Least Significant Bit）來嵌入合併資訊。且實驗過程不僅侷限在靜態影像上，還嘗試藏入 WAVE 聲音此種非影像
的媒體於掩護影像中。由演算法推導出可藏容量的極限大小略小於原掩護影像，解決過去研究可藏容量太小的問題。從實驗結果來看，本研究的偽裝影像和還原後>的機密影像品質較 Linde-Buzo-Gray 演算法好，PSNR值大部份高於 1～4 dB。然還原後的 WAVE 聲音品質兩者則無太大的差異。

Originally, for studies in information hiding using vector quantization(VQ) techniques, data or images are encrypted before they are embedded into a cover image. However, using such a scheme is difficult to determine the capacity that a cover image can manage. In this study, an information hiding scheme using Self-Organizing Map and Least Significant Bit techniques is proposed to facilitate hiding unencrypted information in cover images. With the proposed scheme, the information hiding capacity of a cover image is deterministic; a cover image can embed information that its size is slightly less than the size of the cover image. Comparing with Linde-Buzo-Gray(LBG) algorithm applied to traditional VQ, the proposed scheme produces better quality of stego and secret images based on PSNR measurement. There are no significant quality differences between the proposed scheme and VQ, if secret information is in audio format.

目錄.................................................................i
表目錄.............................................................iii
圖目錄..............................................................iv
第壹章 緒論..........................................................1
第壹節 研究背景與動機..............................................1
第貳節 研究目的....................................................2
第參節 論文架構....................................................4
第貳章 文獻探討......................................................5
第壹節 資訊隱藏（Information Hiding）..............................5
第貳節 向量量化（Vector Quantization）與Linde-Buzo-Gray演算法.....7
第參節 自組織映射圖（Self-Organizing Map）.........................9
第肆節 最低位元取代法（Least Significant Bit）....................10
第伍節 影像資訊隱藏...............................................12
第陸節 音訊資訊隱藏...............................................14
第參章 研究方法.....................................................17
第壹節 灰階機密影像...............................................17
一、編碼簿的訓練及偽裝影像的初始化..............................17
二、嵌入機密資訊................................................19
三、解密：還原機密影像..........................................21
第貳節 WAVE聲音檔.................................................23
一、編碼簿的訓練及偽裝影像的初始化..............................24
二、嵌入機密資訊................................................24
i
三、解密：還原機密WAVE聲音檔...................................24
第參節 機密資訊品質評鑑標準.......................................25
第肆節 可藏容量大小...............................................26
第肆章 實驗結果與討論...............................................29
第壹節 實驗用影像與聲音...........................................29
第貳節 實驗結果－靜態灰階影像.....................................30
第參節 實驗結果－機密WAVE聲音....................................38
第肆節 結果討論...................................................42
第伍章 結論與未來研究方向...........................................44
第壹節 結論.......................................................44
第貳節 未來研究方向...............................................45
參考文獻............................................................46
附錄一..............................................................49
附錄二..............................................................59
ii
表目錄
表 1、實驗結果－靜態灰階影像（SOM，藏在最後2個位元）................33
表 2、實驗結果－靜態灰階影像（LBG，藏在最後2個位元）................34
表 3、實驗二結果－WAVE 聲音檔（SOM，藏在最後2個位元）...............38
表 4、實驗二結果－WAVE 聲音檔（LBG，藏在最後2個位元）...............39
iii
圖目錄
圖 1、一般常見 VQ 的資訊隱藏流程.....................................3
圖 2、資訊隱藏技術（引自 Marvel et al., 1998）.......................5
圖 3、典型偽裝法加密過程（引自 Lin & Delp, 1999）....................6
圖 4、密碼學加密、解密過程...........................................6
圖 5、(a)原圖，(b)將原圖中每一像素值最後依位元修改為0後.............11
圖 6、Mapping encoding（引自 Zhou et. al., 2006）...................15
圖 7、偽裝影像的初始化..............................................18
圖 8、編碼簿對應掩護影像的索引表....................................19
圖 9、嵌入機密資料流程..............................................20
圖 10、嵌入合併資訊至偽裝影像（以藏２個位元為例）...................21
圖 11、嵌入索引表至偽裝影像（以小區塊大小 4x4 為例）................21
圖 12、還原機密影像.................................................23
圖 13、實驗用掩護影像...............................................29
圖 14、實驗用機密影像...............................................29
圖 15、實驗用機密 WAVE 聲音.........................................30
圖 16、實驗結果（C01：掩護影像，St01：偽裝影像，S01：機密影像，R01：還
原後機密影像）......................................................31
圖 17、實驗結果（C02：掩護影像，St02：偽裝影像，S02：機密影像，R02：還
原後機密影像）......................................................32
iv
圖 18、花費時間的比較（機密影像）...................................35
圖 19、偽裝影像的PSNR值比較.........................................36
圖 20、還原後機密影像的PSNR值比較...................................37
圖 21、花費時間的比較（機密WAVE聲音）...............................40
圖 22、偽裝影像PSNR值的比較.........................................41
圖 23、還原後WAVE聲音PSNR值的比較..................................42

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