臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

引擎的效率是影響車輛油耗與污染排放非常重要因素，均質進氣壓燃(homogeneous charge compression ignition, HCCI)引擎的引燃類似柴油引擎壓縮後的高溫自燃，具有高熱效率與低NOx與PM排放的特性，在非常稀薄時候也可以引燃，且壓縮比可以很高，達到柴油引擎的熱效率，因此是近年很受重視的車輛節能技術。本論文以改裝的一具機車引擎執行HCCI實驗，使用了包含煤油、二甲醚、庚烷等自燃溫度較汽油低，十六烷值較汽油高之不同燃料，進行引擎性能、燃燒特性、熱效率、廢氣排放的量測及分析。實驗結果從熱釋放率分析中明顯發現到兩階段之燃燒，藉由控制燃料噴入量、控制不同空燃比與廢氣再循環比例，可以得到較原來火花點火汽油引擎更好的燃燒特性、低耗油率、以及低CO、NO廢氣排放。主要改善因素之一來自於超稀薄燃燒的低燃燒溫度減少傳至汽缸壁的熱損失所得到的熱效率提升。本研究同時也從實驗數據中以double-Wiebe公式進行空氣循環模擬，以探討影響燃燒重要特性與參數。最後此HCCI引擎使用DME與汽油雙燃料也作為機車增程式動力系統，進行實車測試，從ECE40行車型態測試結果顯示，油耗較原汽油引擎車產生有132%明顯的改善。

The efficiency of an internal combustion engine is essential for automobiles and motorcycles. Several studies have demonstrated that homogeneous charge compression ignition is a promising technology for realizing high engine efficiency and low emissions. This study investigated the combustion characteristics of HCCI using a motorcycle engine with various fuels including kerosene, n-heptane, and dimethyl ether (DME) which has lower autoignition temperature and higher cetane number. The engine performance, combustion characteristics, and thermal efficiency were analyzed from experimental data. The dual fuel and exhaust gas recirculation were incorporated to expand the engine operating range. From the heat release analysis, two-stage combustion is clearly observed. And the test results revealed that better combustion pattern can be achieved by adjusting air-fuel ratio, the rates of dual fuel, and exhaust gas recirculation. The HCCI engine performs with lower brake specific fuel consumption and lower CO and NO emissions compared with the original SI engine. Energy balance analysis revealed that lower heat loss due to low cylinder gas temperature of lean combustion contributed to higher efficiency. Air cycle simulation with MFB of double-Wiebe function executed indicates that a better combustion pattern led to higher thermal efficiency. The HCCI engine was also installed in a range-extended electric motorcycle and displayed 132% fuel consumption improvement compared with the original motorcycle of spark ignition engine.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENT vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research background and motivation 1
1.2 Introduction of HCCI engine 8
1.3 Research objective and methodology 12
CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 19
2.1. Experimental setup of HCCI engine 19
2.2 Instruments 22
2.3. Fuels 26
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND DATA COLLECTION 30
3.1 HCCI engine operation 30
3.2. Combustion parameter calculation 32
3.3 Heat release rate 33
3.4 Air cycle simulation 34
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS 37
4.1 HCCI combustion with various fuels and EGR 37
4.1.1 Ignition properties 38
4.1.2 Correlations between combustion parameters 40
4.1.3 Engine operating properties 45
4.2 Thermal efficiency analysis of various combustion patterns 47
4.2.1 Engine performance 48
4.2.2 Combustion characteristics 50
4.2.3 Air cycle simulation results 54
4.3 REEM vehicle test with DME and gasoline fuels 62
4.3.1 HCCI operating characteristics 62
4.3.2 HCCI operating performance 66
4.3.3 REEM vehicle test results 69
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS 75
REFERENCES 78
APPENDIX 89
NOMENCLATURE 92
PUBLICATIONS 94

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