臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用港區浚泥與轉爐石製備輕質骨材。並以預熱/燒結處理探討吸水率與乾(濕)顆粒密度的變化，和探討轉爐石與廢玻璃添加對輕質骨材製成的影響以得到最佳操作參數，再以基本性質、微觀結構、水合回脹、氯離子溶出、序列萃取、有毒重金屬溶出特性及成本評估，探討其燒結特徵和可再利用性。
結果顯示，預熱處理可幫助獲得最佳化的輕質骨材。在特定燒結溫度下(1150℃以上)可顯著下降濕顆粒密度與吸水率並提升骨材的強度，此外，乾顆粒密度會與燃燒收縮率成正相關。而添加轉爐石可增加樣品的熔融效果，但轉爐石過量則會減少骨材氧化矽與氧化鋁含量(玻璃相)。另外，轉爐石的高燒失率會導致乾顆粒密度隨轉爐石增加而降低。而添加廢玻璃可在高溫下形成流動相，增加試體顆粒與顆粒間的接觸以幫助熔融，但廢玻璃過量會造成大孔隙的增加。最後，透過港區浚泥混拌轉爐石燒製輕質骨材可維持輕質混凝土適用的鹼度，並有效的抑制氯離子溶出與回脹問題，也能穩定化重金屬，使骨材的有毒重金屬溶出特性均遠低於法規標準，以致於在應用上不會造成二次污染之疑慮。
本研究使用港區浚泥：轉爐石：廢玻璃(weight ratio)= 10 : 4 : 1的配比，經10 ℃ /min升溫至500℃ 並持溫10分鐘，再以15 ℃ /min升溫至1175 ℃ 並持溫15分鐘進行燒製，可生產低吸水性輕質骨材，其乾顆粒密度為1.878 g/cm3，吸水率為3.5%，強度為236 kgf/cm2。

In this study, a lightweight aggregate (LWA) was prepared using dredged harbor sediment and basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS). The effects of preheating, sintering and BOFS addition on the production of LWA were discussed in terms of water absorption, wet and dry particle density. Also, characteristics and usability of LWA were discussed in terms of basic properties, compressive strength, microscopic structure, hydration swelling, sequential extraction, chloride ion elution, toxic metals leachability, and cost evaluation.
The results show that preheating treatment can help to obtain optimized lightweight aggregates. An effective sintering temperature (1150 ℃ or more) leads to cause the wet particle density and water absorption decreasing and the compressive strength increases. In addition, the dry particle density is positively correlated with the shrinkage. Proper addition of BOFS can improve sintering and vitrification, but excessive addition of BOFS results in the lack of SiO2 and Al2O3 (glass phase) in the aggregate. In addition, the dry particle density shows a decrease with the addition of BOFS as a result of the high loss on ignition of BOFS. A small amount of waste glass can effectively increase the contact between the raw material particles, leading to improve sintering and vitrification, but excessive addition of waste glass can cause an increase in the pores of the aggregate. Considering the environmental compatibility of engineering reuse, the pH of the aggregate can be lowered through the mixed BOFS in the dredged harbor sediment while keeping the pH suitable for lightweight concrete. Moreover, high- temperature sintering can effectively decrease in chloride ion elution and hydration swelling. And also, heavy metals contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) extracted by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) all compliant with the regulatory standards, thus making it suitable for civil engineering.
According to the results of this study, adding BOFS and waste glass into dredged harbor sediment then sintering to be LWA is feasible, and the LWA made in this study are dry particle density of 1.878 g cm-3, water absorption as low as 3.5 % and compressive strength up to 236 kgf cm-2.

目錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract II
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 港區浚泥應用與現況 3
2.1.1 港區浚泥來源與特性 3
2.1.2 港區浚泥於國內外再利用之研究 5
2.2 轉爐石應用與現況 6
2.2.1 轉爐石來源與特性 6
2.2.2 轉爐石於國內外再利用之研究 7
2.3 輕質骨材應用與現況 9
2.3.1 輕質骨材之簡介 10
2.3.2 輕質骨材特性與應用 11
2.3.3 製造輕質骨材的影響因子 12
2.3.4 製造輕質骨材的影響機制 18
2.3.5 輕質骨材於國內外之研究 21
第三章 實驗方法與儀器 23
3.1 研究架構 23
3.2 藥品與設備 25
3.2.1 實驗藥品 25
3.2.2 實驗設備及儀器 26
3.3 材料來源 28
3.3.1 港區浚泥 28
3.3.2 轉爐石渣 28
3.3.3 廢玻璃 28
3.4 試體製備與燒製過程 29
3.5 實驗方法及步驟 31
第四章 結果與討論 38
4.1 材料基礎物理化學性質 38
4.1.1 粒徑大小 38
4.1.2 成分組成與表觀分析 42
4.1.3 熱重/熱差分析 48
4.1.4 結晶成分分析 52
4.2 預熱處理特性 54
4.3 燒結處理特性 57
4.3.1 吸水率與乾濕顆粒密度 57
4.3.2 抗壓強度 63
4.3.3 表觀分析 65
4.3.4 結晶成分分析 68
4.4 添加不同比例轉爐石之特性 71
4.4.1 吸水率與乾濕顆粒密度 71
4.4.2 抗壓強度 75
4.4.3 表觀分析 76
4.5 添加不同比例廢玻璃之特性 79
4.5.1 吸水率與乾濕顆粒密度 79
4.5.2 抗壓強度 83
4.5.3 表觀分析 84
4.6 再利用可行性之研究 87
4.6.1 氫離子濃度測試 87
4.6.2 氯離子溶出試驗 89
4.6.3 水合回脹度 90
4.6.4 多次事業廢棄物毒性溶出試驗程序 91
4.6.5 序列萃取 93
4.6.6 高雄港不同區域港區浚泥燒製輕質骨材評估 98
4.6.7 成本估算與減碳效應 102
第五章 結論與建議 103
5.1結論 103
5.2建議 104
參考文獻 105

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