臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

良好管制措施對於污染排放量同樣有好的減量成效並可提高生產效益，同時也是較易實行的污染減量方式，依據法規許可管理辦法之相關規定，須定期針對固定污染源執行檢測以符合相關法規之規範以達到管制其成效，未達到規範者給予勸告或開罰，因此防制設備對於處理污染物效率優劣甚為重要。本研究配合檢測單位且利用行政院環境檢驗所公告排放管道檢測方法(如:NIEA A413.74C、A101.73C、A723.72C)量測設備前後端污染濃度，針對五間不同製程之工廠既有防制設備配合實場量測並評估設備實際、理論處理效率且探討其影響效率之因子作為固定污染源管制上的參考。

其研究結果顯示所探討防制設備在實際、理論效率上其差異性並不大，如：WS-1、WS-3、WS-4實際效率分別為79.18%、45.8%、93.6%，而理論效率值為83.53%、48.36%、96.28%，在影響設備效率之因子方面探討，對溼式洗滌塔而言，壓力降在一定範圍內，將其提高液氣比、噴嘴壓力、改變濾料類型、填充層高度對於氣狀污染物之處理效率有明顯提升，以WS-3為例，將填充層高度為3m時其效率可大於80%，對袋式集塵器而言，其濾袋本身係數越高對於粒狀污染物之去除效率也就越佳，以BH為例，濾袋纖維係數(σ)=1000m-1、t=5min的條件下其處理效率可達92%。

對於地方單位在查核管理方面，對於固定污染源建立其管制方案，根據結果做提出以下管制措施作其參考1. 針對污染源成份及佔比例之管理查核、2. 落實設備規格資料調查之查核、3. 加強許可承諾值之準確性查核管理、4. 推動並增設防制設備操作要點之管制、5. 改變定期查核頻率之措施、6. 落實連續自動監測設施之設置。

A well-designed air pollution prevention device can successfully decrease the amount of air pollution as well as increasing the production efficiency. It is also considered as an easier approach in pollution reduction. According to operation laws, regular inspection is required to stationary pollution sources, while advices or penalty is given to those not qualified. Since the inspection is implemented on a periodical basis, the quality of prevention equipments is essential to the effectiveness of pollution process. The current research aims at delivering a parametric study on the device efficiency based on the theoretical prediction and on-site measurement to five factories of distinct processes. Pollution concentrations before and after the measurement devices are taken from the aforementioned factories according to EPA (Environmental Protection Administration) released standards, such as NIEA A413.74C，A101.73C and A723.72C. These results are served as a reference to the implemention of stationary pollution control.

Research results show that no siginificant difficicney is observed between the realistic measurement and theoretical prediction of the prevention devices. For example, WS-1、WS-3、WS-4 yields realistic efficiency as 79.18%, 45.8%, and 93.6%, while the theoretical prediction are 83.53%, 48.36%, and 96.28% respectively. However, both of these results still fall behind the regulations,Considering the factors affecting equipment efficiency, decreasing the pressure of a wet scrubber to a certain ragne increases the liquid-gas ratio and nozzle pressure. Additionally, changing the type of filter medium and spray height remarkably enlarges the removal efficiency to gasous pollutants. To bag houses, choosing filter bags with higher parameter bears better removal efficiency to particulate pollutants. For instance, the removal efficiency of BH with filter fiber parameter (σ)=1000m-1 and t=5min yields removal efficiency up to 92%.

The following control strategies to stationary pollution sources are then drawn from the results of current study. 1. Careful control and inspection per pollution components and percentage. 2. Careful examination and verification to equipment specification. 3. Enforcement to the management and inspection of permitted values. 4. Enforcement and implementation to the operation manual of prevention equipments. 5. Proper adjustment to the period of inspection. 6. Implementation to the automatic inspection equipments.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 研究動機 7
1.3 研究目的 8
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1 污染物特性與防制 9
2.1.1 粒狀污染物(Particle Matter) 9
2.1.2 硫氧化物(Sulfur Oxides) 12
2.1.3 揮發性有機物(Volatile Organic Compounds) 16
2.2 填充式洗滌塔 20
2.2.1 填充式洗滌塔設備基本構造 21
2.2.2 洗滌塔設計理論與效率評估 23
2.3 袋式集塵器 28
2.3.1 集塵器設備基本構造 29
2.3.2 集塵器設計理論與效率推估 32
2.4 影響防制設備效率之操作條件 36
2.4.1 填充式洗滌塔 36
2.4.2 袋式集塵器 37
2.5 國內外相關文獻 38
第三章 研究方法與內容 43
3.1 研究流程 43
3.2 研究項目 45
3.3 研究方法 45
3.3.1 各工廠與製造程序基本資料與特性 45
3.3.2 防制設備規格資料之調查 53
3.3.3 現地實場量測空氣污染物之採樣方法 62
3.3.4 防制設備理論效率之推估模式 77
第四章 結果與討論 81
4.1 量測結果 81
4.1.1 防制設備前端污染物濃度量測 81
4.1.2 防制設備尾端污染物濃度量測 84
4.2 實場查核與設備效率評估 87
4.2.1 填充式洗滌塔(WS-1) 87
4.2.2 填充式洗滌塔(WS-2) 91
4.2.3 填充式洗滌器(WS-3) 94
4.2.4 噴淋式洗滌塔(WS-4) 97
4.2.5 袋式集塵器 (BH) 101
4.3 影響處理效率之因子 104
4.3.1 填充式洗滌塔(WS-1) 104
4.3.2 填充式洗滌塔(WS-2) 108
4.3.3 填充式洗滌塔(WS-3) 110
4.3.4 噴淋式洗滌塔(WS-4) 113
4.3.5 袋式集塵器(BH) 116
4.4 查核管理與管制方案 120
第五章 結論與建議 125
5.1 結論 125
5.2 建議 127
參考文獻 128

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