臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要

背景：運動前的伸展在運動過程中甚為重要的環節。然而，運動前該選擇靜態伸展或動態伸展的方式，才有效協助運動表現，就目前文獻仍有所爭議。肌內效貼紮（肌貼）在運動場上已被廣泛使用，對於促進運動表現也尚未被定論。目前，尚無研究探討棒球運動員在靜態伸展與動態伸展合併肌內效貼紮（肌貼）對運動表現與肌肉狀態之立即性影響。
目的：本研究探討棒球選手在靜態伸展與動態伸展合併肌內效貼紮（肌貼）對運動表現（柔軟度、爆發力、敏捷性、平衡）與肌肉狀態之立即性影響。
方法：取得30位健康成年男性業餘棒球運動員（平均年齡25.26 ± 4.57歲）。實驗開始前，受試者抽籤隨機分配至肌貼組（Kinesio taping, KT）或控制組（Control taping, CT）。每位受試者需先執行靜態伸展，及於隔兩天後執行動態伸展，分別於靜態伸展後與動態伸展後，測量運動表現的變化（坐姿體前彎、垂直跳高測驗、20公尺衝刺、5-10-5公尺敏捷性測驗、Ｙ型平衡測驗）。此外，使用可攜式Ｍyoton儀器，量測股四頭肌和腓腸肌之肌肉狀態變化（肌肉張力、彈性、僵硬度）。
結果：（1） 在運動表現方面：垂直跳高，結果顯示控制組結合動態伸展（135.00 ± 11.95cm）會比結合靜態伸展（133.40 ± 11.94cm）明顯的高 （p=0.034），顯示動態伸展在垂直爆發力會帶來較高效益；而其他運動表現相關的測驗，無論在控制組或肌貼組皆無顯著差異，但以肌貼組結合動態伸展有較良好進步的趨勢。平衡測驗中，無論是控制組或肌貼組，結果顯示在執行動態伸展後的平衡總分（控制組+動態伸展:91.34 ± 7.78、肌貼組+動態伸展:91.91 ± 8.03）均明顯優於靜態伸展（控制組+靜態伸展:88.19 ± 8.50、 肌貼組+靜態伸展: 87.97± 8.18），顯示動態伸展有較好的效益。（2）肌肉狀況方面：無論控制組或肌貼組，在靜態伸展及動態伸展皆沒有達到顯著性差異。
結論：動態伸展可促進垂直跳高與增加平衡能力；無論結合靜態伸展或動態伸展，肌貼均無法得到明顯促進運動表現的效益，儘管有些微改善趨勢。因此，本研究建議肌內效貼布不應當做促進運動表現的首選，反而應注重正確且適度動態伸展的執行。
關鍵字：運動表現、靜態伸展、動態伸展、肌內效貼紮、肌肉張力。

Abstract

Background: Stretching exercise as a warm-up is an important component of exercise procedures. Stretching exercise includes dynamic stretch（DS）and static stretch（SS）. Currently, the researchers remain addressing that which type of stretching exercise provides more benefits on athletic performance. In particular, kinesio taping（KT）　has been widely used to assist and facilitate athletic performance. However, the benefits of KT on sports enhancement remains unclear. Literature searches revealed that the immediate effect of after either DS or SS in combination with KT on performance as well as muscle status in baseball players has not been studied.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the immediate effects of distinct types of stretching exercise together with KT taping on athletic performance（flexibility, power, agility, and balance）and muscle status.
Methods: Thirty healthy male amateur baseball players（age = 25.26 ± 4.57 years） voluntarily participated in the study. Before the investigation, the participants were randomly allocated to either the KT group or the Control taping（CT）group. The participants were required to complete SS and following DS two days afterwards. The following tests were measured after each types of stretching exercise: sit and reach test, counter movement jump （CMJ）, 20-m sprint, 5-10-5 shuttle agility test, and Y-balance test（YBT）. In addition, the Myoton equipment was adopted to measure the changes of muscle status（muscle tension, muscle elasticity, and muscle stiffness） on quadriceps and gastrocnemius.
Results:（1） Athletic performance: A significant difference （p = .034） on CMJ test was found between DS （135.00 ± 11.95 cm） and SS （133.40 ± 11.94 cm） in the CT group, which suggested better performance after DS. Apart from increase of CMJ. No significant difference was shown in other tests in both the KT and the CT groups. Nonetheless, the DS with KT group showed a positive tendency of improvements. Regarding the YBT, the participants had better performance after performing DS in KT and CT groups. （2） Muscle status: Neither DS nor SS with KT /CT had a significant change on muscle status.
Conclusion: In the study, DS provides benefits for CMJ and balance ability. However, the KT group with either DS or SS shows no synergistic sports enhancement, albeit with a tendency of improvement. Therefore, we suggest that KT is not first option to enhance athletic performance. Conversely, executing a correct and an appropriate DS for a warm-up is decisive.

Key words: athletic performance, static stretching, dynamic stretching, Kinesio taping, muscle tension.

第一章 緒論 10
1.1 研究背景 10
1.2 研究動機 12
1.3 研究目的 12
1.4 研究假設 12
第二章 文獻回顧 13
2.1 肌內效貼紮對運動表現之影響 13
2.1.1 肌內效貼紮對於爆發力之影響 19
2.1.2 肌內效貼紮對於力矩之影響 19
2.1.3 肌內效貼紮對於肌力之影響 20
2.1.4 肌內效貼紮對於肌電訊號之影響 20
2.1.5 肌內效貼紮對於關節活動度之影響 21
2.1.6 肌內效貼紮對於平衡之影響 21
2.1.7 統整目前肌內效貼紮對於運動表現的影響 21
2.2 動、靜態伸展之介紹 23
2.3 動、靜態伸展對於運動表現之影響 23
2.3.1 動、靜態伸展對於爆發力之影響 27
2.3.2 動、靜態伸展對於柔軟度之影響 27
2.3.3 動、靜態伸展對於平衡之影響 28
2.3.4 歸納當今動、靜態伸展對於運動表現之影響 28
第三章 研究方法 29
3.1 受試者條件 29
3.2 實驗流程 29
3.3 實驗器材介紹 31
3.3.1 肌肉張力測量儀（Myoton） 31
3.3.2 電腦化鐘擺式功率車 32
3.3.3爆發力檢測儀器（The SmartSpeed Reactive Training and Testing System） 33
3.4 靜態伸展 34
3.5 動態伸展 36
3.6 肌內效貼紮 38
3.7 運動表現測驗 39
3.8 肌肉狀態 44
3.9 統計方法 45
第四章 結果 46
4.1 受試者基本資料分析 46
4.2 不同貼紮方式於動、靜態伸展後之運動表現結果 47
4.3 Myoton肌肉狀態 51
第五章 討論 58
5.1 受試者基本資料共變數分析 58
5.2 肌貼與運動表現 58
5.2.1 肌貼對於柔軟度之影響 58
5.2.2 肌貼對於爆發力、敏捷性之影響 59
5.2.3 肌貼對於平衡Y Balance test之影響 60
5.2.4 肌貼與肌肉狀態 61
5.3 動、靜態伸展與動運動表現 63
5.3.1 動、靜態伸展對於柔軟度之影響 63
5.3.2 動、靜態伸展對於爆發力之影響 63
5.3.5 動、靜態伸展對於平衡影響 64
5.4 伸展與肌肉狀態 66
第六章 結論 67
第七章 研究限制與未來研究 67
參考文獻 68
附錄一、 人體試驗/研究同意證明書（中文） 79
附錄二、 人體受試/研究同意證明書（英文） 79



表目錄
表 1、中華成棒近三年國際賽成績 10
表 2、肌貼運用於運動表現之文獻整理 14
表 3、動靜態伸展對於運動表現之文獻整理 24
表 4、分組縮寫 29
表 5、靜態動作操作說明 35
表 6、動態動作操作說明 37
表 7、受試者分組資料 46


圖目錄
圖 1、實驗流程圖 30
圖 2、Myoton肌肉張力測量儀（Myoton-Pro, Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia） 32
圖 3、電腦化鐘擺式功率車（Monark Ergomedic 839 E; Monark, Varberg, Sweden）. 32
圖 4、爆發力檢測儀器The SmartSpeed Reactive Training and Testing System （Smartspeed, Fusion Sports, Australia） 33
圖 5、靜態伸展操作動作 34
圖 6、動態伸展操作動作 36
圖 7、肌內效貼紮組（Kinesio taping, KT） 38
圖 8、控制組 （Control taping, CT） 38
圖 9、坐姿體前彎檢測器 39
圖10、Y Balance test 40
圖11、垂直下蹲跳 41
圖12、20公尺衝刺 42
圖13、5-10-5折返跑 43
圖 14、肌肉狀態檢測 44
圖 15、動、靜態伸展分別於控制組與肌貼組後之運動表現 49
圖 16、運動表現於不同伸展組別之控制組與肌貼組的變化 50
圖 17、控制組與肌貼組於動、靜態伸展前後之肌肉張力狀態 52
圖 18、控制組與肌貼組於動、靜態伸展前後之肌肉彈性狀態 53
圖 19、控制組與肌貼組於動、靜態伸展前後之肌肉僵硬度狀態 54
圖 20、肌肉張力於靜、動態伸展前後之控制組與肌貼組的差異變化 55
圖 21、肌肉彈性於靜、動態伸展前後之控制組與肌貼組的差異變化 56
圖 22、肌肉僵硬度於靜、動態伸展前後之控制組與肌貼組的差異變化 57

參考文獻

[1]Turki, O., A. Chaouachi, D.G. Behm, H. Chtara, M. Chtara, D. Bishop, K. Chamari, and M. Amri, The effect of warm-ups incorporating different volumes of dynamic stretching on 10-and 20-m sprint performance in highly trained male athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 2012. 26(1): p. 63-72.
[2]Young, W.B. and D.G. Behm, Should Static Stretching Be Used During a Warm-Up for Strength and Power Activities? Strength Cond J, 2002. 24(6): p. 33-37.
[3]Behm, D.G., A. Bambury, F. Cahill, and K. Power, Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2004. 36(8): p. 1397-402.
[4]Smith, C.A., The warm-up procedure: to stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1994. 19(1): p. 12-7.
[5]Herbert, R.D. and M. Gabriel, Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: systematic review. Bmj, 2002. 325(7362): p. 468.
[6]Small, K., L. Mc Naughton, and M. Matthews, A systematic review into the efficacy of static stretching as part of a warm-up for the prevention of exercise-related injury. Res Sports Med, 2008. 16(3): p. 213-31.
[7]Turki, O., A. Chaouachi, D.G. Behm, H. Chtara, M. Chtara, D. Bishop, K. Chamari, and M. Amri, The effect of warm-ups incorporating different volumes of dynamic stretching on 10- and 20-m sprint performance in highly trained male athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 2012. 26(1): p. 63-72.
[8]Behm, D.G., E.E. Bradbury, A.T. Haynes, J.N. Hodder, A.M. Leonard, and N.R. Paddock, Flexibility is not Related to Stretch-Induced Deficits in Force or Power. J Sports Sci Med, 2006. 5(1): p. 33-42.
[9]Behm, D.G. and A. Kibele, Effects of differing intensities of static stretching on jump performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2007. 101(5): p. 587-94.
[10]Young, W., G. Elias, and J. Power, Effects of static stretching volume and intensity on plantar flexor explosive force production and range of motion. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2006. 46(3): p. 403.
[11]Power, K., D. Behm, F. Cahill, M. Carroll, and W. Young, An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2004. 36(8): p. 1389-96.
[12]Simic, L., N. Sarabon, and G. Markovic, Does pre-exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta-analytical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2013. 23(2): p. 131-48.
[13]Fletcher, I.M., The effect of different dynamic stretch velocities on jump performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2010. 109(3): p. 491-8.
[14]Yamaguchi, T., K. Ishii, M. Yamanaka, and K. Yasuda, Acute effects of dynamic stretching exercise on power output during concentric dynamic constant external resistance leg extension. J Strength Cond Res, 2007. 21(4): p. 1238-44.
[15]Manoel, M.E., M.O. Harris-Love, J.V. Danoff, and T.A. Miller, Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. J Strength Cond Res, 2008. 22(5): p. 1528-34.
[16]Turki-Belkhiria, L., A. Chaouachi, O. Turki, H. Chtourou, M. Chtara, K. Chamari, M. Amri, and D.G. Behm, Eight weeks of dynamic stretching during warm-ups improves jump power but not repeated or single sprint performance. Eur J Sport Sci, 2014. 14(1): p. 19-27.
[17]Little, T. and A.G. Williams, Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2006. 20(1): p. 203-307.
[18]Jaggers, J.R., A.M. Swank, K.L. Frost, and C.D. Lee, The acute effects of dynamic and ballistic stretching on vertical jump height, force, and power. J Strength Cond Res, 2008. 22(6): p. 1844-9.
[19]Pearce, A.J., D.J. Kidgell, J. Zois, and J.S. Carlson, Effects of secondary warm up following stretching. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2009. 105(2): p. 175-83.
[20]McCrary, J.M., B.J. Ackermann, and M. Halaki, A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury. Br J Sports Med, 2015. 49(14): p. 935-42.
[21]Behm, D.G. and A. Chaouachi, A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2011. 111(11): p. 2633-51.
[22]Fletcher, I.M. and B. Jones, The effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res, 2004. 18(4): p. 885-8.
[23]Hough, P.A., E.Z. Ross, and G. Howatson, Effects of dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity. J Strength Cond Res, 2009. 23(2): p. 507-12.
[24]Yamaguchi, T. and K. Ishii, Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. J Strength Cond Res, 2005. 19(3): p. 677-83.
[25]蕭宏裕, 肌能貼布使用手冊-肌內效入門指南. 2006.
[26]Morris, D., D. Jones, H. Ryan, and C.G. Ryan, The clinical effects of Kinesio(R) Tex taping: A systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract, 2013. 29(4): p. 259-70.
[27]Lumbroso, D., E. Ziv, E. Vered, and L. Kalichman, The effect of kinesio tape application on hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles in healthy young adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2014. 18(1): p. 130-8.
[28]曾意涵, 林百也, and 黃長發, 棒球運動肌力與體能訓練之探討. 中州管理與人文科學叢刊, 2011. 1(2): p. 1-12.
[29]Yeung, S.S. and E.W. Yeung, Acute Effects of Kinesio Taping on Knee Extensor Peak Torque and Stretch Reflex in Healthy Adults. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016. 95(4): p. e2615.
[30]MacDowall, I., P. Sanzo, and C. Zerpa, The Effect of Kinesio Taping on Vertical Jump Height and Muscle Electromyographic Activity of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus in Varsity Athletes. Int J Sports Sci, 2015. 5(4): p. 162-170.
[31]Schiffer, T., A. Mollinger, B. Sperlich, and D. Memmert, Kinesio taping and jump performance in elite female track and field athletes and jump performance in elite female track and field athletes. J Sport Rehabil, 2015. 24(1): p. 47-50.
[32]Strutzenberger, G., J. Moore, H. Griffiths, H. Schwameder, and G. Irwin, Effects of gluteal kinesio-taping on performance with respect to fatigue in rugby players. Eur J Sport Sci, 2015: p. 1-7.
[33]Harmanci, H., A. Kalkavan, M. Karavelioglu, O. Yuksel, A. Senturk, M. Gulac, and B. Altinok, Effects of kinesio taping on anaerobic power and capacity results. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2015.
[34]Poon, K.Y., S.M. Li, M.G. Roper, M.K. Wong, O. Wong, and R.T. Cheung, Kinesiology tape does not facilitate muscle performance: A deceptive controlled trial. Man Ther, 2015. 20(1): p. 130-3.
[35]Yeung, S.S., E.W. Yeung, Y. Sakunkaruna, S. Mingsoongnern, W.Y. Hung, Y.L. Fan, and H.C. Iao, Acute effects of kinesio taping on knee extensor peak torque and electromyographic activity after exhaustive isometric knee extension in healthy young adults. Clin J Sport Med, 2015. 25(3): p. 284-90.
[36]Gómez-Soriano, J., J. Abián-Vicén, C. Aparicio-García, P. Ruiz-Lázaro, C. Simón-Martínez, E. Bravo-Esteban, and J.M. Fernández-Rodríguez, The effects of Kinesio taping on muscle tone in healthy subjects: A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Manual Therapy, 2014. 19(2): p. 131-136.
[37]Merino-Marban, R., E. Fernandez-Rodriguez, and D. Mayorga-Vega, The effect of kinesio taping on calf pain and extensibility immediately after its application and after a duathlon competition. Res Sports Med, 2014. 22(1): p. 1-11.
[38]de Hoyo, M., A. Alvarez-Mesa, B. Sanudo, L. Carrasco, and S. Dominguez, Immediate effect of kinesio taping on muscle response in young elite soccer players. J Sport Rehabil, 2013. 22(1): p. 53-8.
[39]Nunes, G.S., M. de Noronha, H.S. Cunha, C. Ruschel, and N.G. Borges, Jr., EFFECT OF KINESIO TAPING ON JUMPING AND BALANCE IN ATHLETES A CROSSOVER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. J Strength Cond Res, 2013. 27(11): p. 3183-9.
[40]Merino-Marban, R., D. Mayorga-Vega, and E. Fernandez-Rodriguez, Effect of kinesio tape application on calf pain and ankle range of motion in duathletes. J Hum Kinet, 2013. 37: p. 129-35.
[41]NaKajima, M.a., & Baldridge, C., The effect of kinesio® tape on vertical jump and dynamic postural control. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2013: p. 393-406.
[42]Fayson, S.D., A.R. Needle, and T.W. Kaminski, The effects of ankle Kinesio taping on ankle stiffness and dynamic balance. Res Sports Med, 2013. 21(3): p. 204-16.
[43]Mostert-Wentzel, K., J.J. Swart, L.J. Masenyetse, B.H. Sihlali, R. Cilliers, L. Clarke, J. Maritz, E. Prinsloo, and L. Steenkamp, Effect of kinesio taping on explosive muscle power of gluteus maximus of male athletes. S Afr J SM, 2012. 24(3): p. 75-80.
[44]Stedge, H.L., R.M. Kroskie, and C.L. Docherty, Kinesio taping and the circulation and endurance ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle. J Athl Train, 2012. 47(6): p. 635-42.
[45]Wong, O.M., R.T. Cheung, and R.C. Li, Isokinetic knee function in healthy subjects with and without Kinesio taping. Phys Ther Sport, 2012. 13(4): p. 255-8.
[46]Huang, C.Y., T.H. Hsieh, S.C. Lu, and F.C. Su, Effect of the Kinesio tape to muscle activity and vertical jump performance in healthy inactive people. Biomed Eng Online, 2011. 10: p. 70.
[47]Aktas, G. and G. Baltaci, Does kinesiotaping increase knee muscles strength and functional performance? Isokinetics and exercise science, 2011. 19(3): p. 149.
[48]Vithoulka, I., A. Beneka, P. Malliou, N. Aggelousis, K. Karatsolis, and K. Diamantopoulos, The effects of Kinesio-Taping® on quadriceps strength during isokinetic exercise in healthy non athlete women. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2010. 18(1): p. 1.
[49]Fu, T.-C., A.M. Wong, Y.-C. Pei, K.P. Wu, S.-W. Chou, and Y.-C. Lin, Effect of Kinesio taping on muscle strength in athletes—a pilot study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2008. 11(2): p. 198-201.
[50]林淑娟, 肌內效貼布對疲勞中籃球選手命中率和運動學參數之影響. 2010.
[51]彭武村, 肌內效貼紮對跆拳道選手股四頭肌爆發力之影響. 休閒觀光與運動健康學報, 2015: p. 59-67.
[52]游麗君 and 傅麗蘭, 肌內效貼紮對大專排球運動員最大肌力和肌耐力的效益. 大專體育學術專刊, 2005: p. 624-633.
[53]黃靜惠, 肌能系貼紮對學童下肢平衡、本體感覺及肌力的效果. 2013.
[54]Ho, Y.-H., C.-F. Lin, C.-H. Chang, and H.-W. Wu, Effect of ankle kinesio taping on vertical jump with run-up and countermovement jump in athletes with ankle functional instability. Journal of physical therapy science, 2015. 27(7): p. 2087.
[55]Nunes, G.S., M. de Noronha, H.S. Cunha, C. Ruschel, and N.G. Borges, Jr., Effect of kinesio taping on jumping and balance in athletes: a crossover randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res, 2013. 27(11): p. 3183-9.
[56]Nakajima, M.A. and C. Baldridge, The effect of kinesio® tape on vertical jump and dynamic postural control. International journal of sports physical therapy, 2013. 8(4).
[57]Huang, C.-Y., T.-H. Hsieh, S.-C. Lu, and F.-C. Su, Effect of the Kinesio tape to muscle activity and vertical jump performance in healthy inactive people. Biomedical engineering online, 2011. 10(1): p. 70.
[58]簡添霖 and 駱明瑤, 肌內效貼布對膝關節等速肌力的影響. 體育學系系刊, 2012(12): p. 13-20.
[59]Fu, T.C., A.M. Wong, Y.C. Pei, K.P. Wu, S.W. Chou, and Y.C. Lin, Effect of Kinesio taping on muscle strength in athletes-a pilot study. J Sci Med Sport, 2008. 11(2): p. 198-201.
[60]游麗君, 大專排球運動員使用肌內效貼紮對急性肌肉疲勞和本體感覺的效益. 碩士論文, 2004.
[61]Zhang, S., W. Fu, J. Pan, L. Wang, R. Xia, and Y. Liu, Acute effects of Kinesio taping on muscle strength and fatigue in the forearm of tennis players. J Sci Med Sport, 2015.
[62]Ridding, M., B. Brouwer, T. Miles, J. Pitcher, and P. Thompson, Changes in muscle responses to stimulation of the motor cortex induced by peripheral nerve stimulation in human subjects. Exp Brain Res, 2000. 131(1): p. 135-143.
[63]Maratou, E. and G. Theophilidis, An axon pacemaker: diversity in the mechanism of generation and conduction of action potentials in snail neurons. Neuroscience, 2000. 96(1): p. 1-2.
[64]Slupik, A., M. Dwornik, D. Bialoszewski, and E. Zych, Effect of Kinesio Taping on bioelectrical activity of vastus medialis muscle. Preliminary report. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2007. 9(6): p. 644-51.
[65]Cai, C., I.P. Au, W. An, and R.T. Cheung, Facilitatory and inhibitory effects of Kinesio tape: Fact or fad? J Sci Med Sport, 2015.
[66]張曉昀, 吳國輝, and 吳明哲, 腓骨肌群肌內效貼紮與運動貼紮對踝關節基本運動表現的影響. 運動教練科學, 2013(29): p. 1-17.
[67]許文梧, 膝關節肌內效貼紮對階梯動作之生物力學分析. 國立臺北教育大學體育學系學位論文, 2010: p. 1-66.
[68]Kase, K., Wallis, J., & Kase, T., Clinical therapeutic applications of the kinesio taping method. 2003.
[69]陳本原, 肌內效貼紮與不同著地強度對運動學, 動力學與能量學之影響. 國立臺北教育大學體育學系學位論文, 2015: p. 1-77.
[70]吳麗娟, 歐陽秀, and 陳光紫, 伸展運動之探討. 運動知識學報, 2010(7): p. 84-92.
[71]李尚儒, 動靜態伸展對深垂直跳高度與牽張-縮短循環肌電活化之影響. 碩士, 2010.
[72]陳怡汶, 比較不同的伸展模式對垂直跳運動表現的影響. 臺灣體育學術研究, 2011(51): p. 95-115.
[73]Fleck, S.J. and W.J. Kraemer, Designing Resistance Training Programs-4th Edition 2014.
[74]Walker, B., 痠痛拉筋解剖書The Anatomy of Stretching. 2011: 橡實文化，大雁文化.
[75]Yamaguchi, T., K. Takizawa, and K. Shibata, Acute effect of dynamic stretching on endurance running performance in well-trained male runners. J Strength Cond Res, 2015.
[76]Stafilidis, S. and M. Tilp, Effects of short duration static stretching on jump performance, maximum voluntary contraction, and various mechanical and morphological parameters of the muscle-tendon unit of the lower extremities. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2015. 115(3): p. 607-17.
[77]Annino, G., B. Ruscello, P. Lebone, F. Palazzo, M. Lombardo, E. Padua, L. Verdecchia, V. Tancredi, and F. Iellamo, Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on jump performance after 15 min of reconditioning shooting phase in basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2015.
[78]Meerits, T., S. Bacchieri, M. Pääsuke, J. Ereline, A. Cicchella, and H. Gapeyeva, Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscle and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 2014. 20(0): p. 48.
[79]Pinto, M.D., E.N. Wilhelm, V. Tricoli, R.S. Pinto, and A.J. Blazevich, Differential effects of 30- vs. 60-second static muscle stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2014. 28(12): p. 3440-6.
[80]Avloniti, A., A. Chatzinikolaou, I.G. Fatouros, C. Avloniti, M. Protopapa, D. Draganidis, T. Stampoulis, D. Leontsini, G. Mavropalias, G. Gounelas, and A. Kambas, The Acute Effects of Static Stretching on Speed and Agility Performance Depend on Stretch Duration and Conditioning Level. J Strength Cond Res, 2014.
[81]Ryan, E.D., K.L. Everett, D.B. Smith, C. Pollner, B.J. Thompson, E.J. Sobolewski, and R.E. Fiddler, Acute effects of different volumes of dynamic stretching on vertical jump performance, flexibility and muscular endurance. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 2014. 34(6): p. 485-92.
[82]Chatzopoulos, D., C. Galazoulas, D. Patikas, and C. Kotzamanidis, Acute Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Balance, Agility, Reaction Time and Movement Time. J Sports Sci Med, 2014. 13(2): p. 403-9.
[83]Haddad, M., A. Dridi, M. Chtara, A. Chaouachi, P. Wong del, D. Behm, and K. Chamari, Static stretching can impair explosive performance for at least 24 hours. J Strength Cond Res, 2014. 28(1): p. 140-6.
[84]Chen, C.H., T.S. Huang, H.M. Chai, M.H. Jan, and J.J. Lin, Two stretching treatments for the hamstrings: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus kinesio taping. J Sport Rehabil, 2013. 22(1): p. 59-66.
[85]Amiri-Khorasani, M., N.A.A. Osman, and A. Yusof, Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on hip dynamic range of motion during instep kicking in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2011. 25(6): p. 1647-1652.
[86]溫治文, 潘定均, and 楊正群, 不同持續時間之股四頭肌靜態伸展對下肢爆發力之影響. 2013.
[87]Aguilar, A.J., L.J. DiStefano, C.N. Brown, D.C. Herman, K.M. Guskiewicz, and D.A. Padua, A dynamic warm-up model increases quadriceps strength and hamstring flexibility. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2012. 26(4): p. 1130-1141.
[88]Guissard, N. and J. Duchateau, Neural aspects of muscle stretching. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2006. 34(4): p. 154-8.
[89]Herda, T.J., J.T. Cramer, E.D. Ryan, M.P. McHugh, and J.R. Stout, Acute effects of static versus dynamic stretching on isometric peak torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography of the biceps femoris muscle. J Strength Cond Res, 2008. 22(3): p. 809-17.
[90]Ho, Y.-H., C.-F. Lin, C.-H. Chang, and H.-W. Wu, Effect of ankle kinesio taping on vertical jump with run-up and countermovement jump in athletes with ankle functional instability. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015. 27(7): p. 2087.
[91]Teyhen, D.S., S.W. Shaffer, C.L. Lorenson, M.D. Greenberg, S.M. Rogers, C.M. Koreerat, S.L. Villena, K.L. Zosel, M.J. Walker, and J.C. Childs, Clinical measures associated with dynamic balance and functional movement. J Strength Cond Res, 2014. 28(5): p. 1272-83.
[92]Schneider, S., A. Peipsi, M. Stokes, A. Knicker, and V. Abeln, Feasibility of monitoring muscle health in microgravity environments using Myoton technology. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2015. 53(1): p. 57-66.
[93]Jackson, A.W. and A.A. Baker, The relationship of the sit and reach test to criterion measures of hamstring and back flexibility in young females. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1986. 57(3): p. 183-186.
[94]Butler, R.J., C. Southers, P.P. Gorman, K.B. Kiesel, and P.J. Plisky, Differences in soccer players'' dynamic balance across levels of competition. J Athl Train, 2012. 47(6): p. 616-20.
[95]陳太正, 垂直跳的力學分析. 國立臺灣師範大學體育研究所集刊, 1977.
[96]Eriksson, A., F.R. Johansson, and M. Back, Reliability and criterion-related validity of the 20-yard shuttle test in competitive junior tennis players. Open Access J Sports Med, 2015. 6: p. 269-76.
[97]教育部體適能網站. 體適能測量-坐姿體前彎. 2006-2015; Available from: http://www.fitness.org.tw/measure02.php.
[98]Kang, M.H., D.K. Lee, K.H. Park, and J.S. Oh, Association of ankle kinematics and performance on the y-balance test with inclinometer measurements on the weight-bearing-lunge test. J Sport Rehabil, 2015. 24(1): p. 62-7.
[99]Csapo, R., M. Herceg, L.M. Alegre, R. Crevenna, and K. Pieber, Do kinaesthetic tapes affect plantarflexor muscle performance? J Sports Sci, 2012. 30(14): p. 1513-9.
[100]Donec, V., L. Varžaitytė, and A. Kriščiūnas, The effect of Kinesio Taping on maximal grip force and key pinch force. Polish Annals of Medicine, 2012. 19(2): p. 98-105.
[101]Lopez-Minarro et al, P.A., A comparison of the sit-and-reach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test in university students. J Sports Sci Med, 2009. 8(1): p. 116-22.
[102]Mayorga-Vega, D., R. Merino-Marban, and J. Viciana, Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach Tests for Estimating Hamstring and Lumbar Extensibility: a Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med, 2014. 13(1): p. 1-14.
[103]Ozmen, T., M. Aydogmus, H. Dogan, D. Acar, T. Zoroglu, and M. Willems, The Effect of Kinesio Taping® on Muscle Pain, Sprint Performance, and Flexibility in Recovery From Squat Exercise in Young Adult Women. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2015.
[104]Chaney, C., G.M. Hirayama, T.E. Mendoza, D.M. Schmitt, and S. Janini, The effects of Kinesio™ tape on vertical jump, 20-m sprint, and self-perception of performance in high school basketball players. Current Orthopaedic Practice, 2015. 26(4): p. 420-424.
[105]Mackala, K., M. Fostiak, and K. Kowalski, Selected determinants of acceleration in the 100m sprint. J Hum Kinet, 2015. 45: p. 135-48.
[106]Baechle, T.R. and R.W. Earle, 肌力與體能訓練. 2004.
[107]鄭人豪 and 林威秀, 棒球投球過程中下肢肌電圖和地面反作用力之探討. 中華體育季刊, 2011. 25(4): p. 686-695.
[108]Plisky, P.J., P.P. Gorman, R.J. Butler, K.B. Kiesel, F.B. Underwood, and B. Elkins, The reliability of an instrumented device for measuring components of the star excursion balance test. N Am J Sports Phys Ther, 2009. 4(2): p. 92-9.
[109]Castro-Sanchez, A.M., I.C. Lara-Palomo, G.A. Mataran-Penarrocha, M. Fernandez-Sanchez, N. Sanchez-Labraca, and M. Arroyo-Morales, Kinesio Taping reduces disability and pain slightly in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial. J Physiother, 2012. 58(2): p. 89-95.
[110]Krohn, K., D. Castro, and J. Kling, The effects of kinesio tape on hamstring flexibility. Heruntergeladen von http://tapingbase. eu/sites/default/files/the_effects_of_kinesio_tape_on_hamstring_fl flexibility. pdf, am, 2011. 11: p. 2013.
[111]Meerits, T., S. Bacchieri, M. Pääsuke, J. Ereline, A. Cicchella, and H. Gapeyeva, Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscle and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 2014. 20: p. 48-59.
[112]Young, W.B. and D.G. Behm, Should Static Stretching Be Used During a Warm-Up for Strength and Power Activities? Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2002. 24(6): p. 33-37.
[113]Taylor, D.C., J.D. Dalton, A.V. Seaber, and W.E. Garrett, Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units the biomechanical effects of stretching. Am J Sports Med, 1990. 18(3): p. 300-309.
[114]Simons, D. and S. Mense, Understanding and measurement of muscle tone as related to clinical muscle pain. Pain, 1998. 75(1): p. 1-17.
[115]Rihvk, I., A. Clough, and P. Clough, Investigation to compare static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation contract–relax stretching effects on the visco-elastic parameters of the biceps femoris muscle. Int Musculoskelet Med, 2010. 32(4): p. 157-162.
[116]Ylinen, J., T. Kankainen, H. Kautiainen, A. Rezasoltani, T. Kuukkanen, and A. Häkkinen, Effect of stretching on hamstring muscle compliance. J Rehabil Med, 2009. 41(1): p. 80-84.