臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　建立曾文水庫集水區之降雨-逕流模式，考量到曾文水庫集水區幅員廣大，降雨在時間及空間上皆有分布不均的問題，因此，本文建構一分布型單位歷線集水區模式，將曾文水庫集水區劃分成自上游到下游三大塊子集水區，並將曾文水庫蓄水面積獨立出來，求取各子集水區之平均降雨後，以集水區觀測流量進行單位歷線的計算。其中，以GIS軟體做出各子集水區相關雨量站之徐昇多邊形網，利用雨量站控制面積權重得到平均降雨量，並以美國自然資源保育局提出之NRCS曲線號碼法計算有效降雨量。採用直線法做基流分離，取降雨發生前三日平均流量為基流量，扣除基流量即為直接逕流量。
　　本研究取歷年來其中6場逕流係數小於一的颱洪事件作為檢定案例，利用線性規劃法優選基期36小時的分布型單位歷線，比較不同洪峰時刻組合、目標函數加權門檻的退水流量效率係數，以得到最適合曾文水庫水區之分布型單位歷線，並以另外2場颱風事件作為驗證案例。
　　本文目的在於利用單位歷線進行退水段之研究，以水筒模式模擬中間流改善模擬流量的不足，並在第二子集水區內以馬斯金更法進行河道演算。

Considering the expansive area and uneven distribution of rainfall in time and space, the rainfall-runoff model of the Zengwun Reservoir watershed is established. Therefore, this paper builds up a distributed unit hydrograph model. The Zengwun Reservoir watershed area is divided into three sub-watershed from upstream to downstream, and the water storage area of Zengwun Reservoir is separated. After obtaining the average rainfall in each sub-watershed, the calculation of the unit hydrograph is performed by observed flow of whole watershed. Among them, The Thiessen's Polygon Method is built in GIS software, and the weighting of rainfall areas are controlled by the rainfall station. The effective rainfall is calculated by the NRCS curve number method proposed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. For the observed flow, the straight-line method is used to separate the base flow, which is mean discharge of 3 days before rainfall.

In this study, 6 typhoons are took as calibrated events. There are common that the runoff coefficients are less than one. Optimizing the distributed unit hydrograph with a base period of 36 hours by linear programming method, and then comparing the efficiency coefficients of different peak time combinations and weighting thresholds of the objective function to obtain the most suitable distributed unit hydrograph of the Zengwun reservoir watershed. Meanwhile, two other typhoon events are used as verified cases.

The purpose of this paper is to use the unit hydrograph to study of the recession limb, simulate the inter flow in the tank model to improve the lack of simulated discharge, and perform the river routing in the second sub-catchment by the Muskingum method.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章　緒論 1
1.1　問題背景 1
1.2　研究動機 1
1.3　研究目的 1
第二章　文獻回顧 2
2.1　單位歷線 2
2.2　分佈型單位歷線 2
2.3　集水區模式 3
2.4　降水損失 4
2.5　水筒模式 4
第三章　研究方法 5
3.1　基本定義 5
3.2　單位歷線分析 6
3.2.1　基流分離 6
3.2.2　平均雨量計算 7
3.2.3　有效降雨推估 8
3.3　模式架構 10
3.3.1　多子集水區計算概念 10
3.3.2　河道演算 13
3.3.3　應用線性規劃法計算多子集水區單位歷線 14
3.3.4　單一水筒模擬中間流 20
第四章　實例研究：曾文水庫集水區 24
4.1　集水區概述 24
4.1.1　雨量站 24
4.2　分析案例颱洪事件 28
4.2.1　颱洪事件流量資料 28
4.3　分佈型單位歷線建置 33
4.3.1　各子集水區分佈型單位歷線 33
4.3.2　最適分布型單位歷線之檢定 34
4.4　退水段檢討 44
4.5　模擬驗證 47
第五章　結論與建議 52
5.1　結論 52
5.2　建議 53
參考文獻 55
附錄一　應用矩陣法求解多子集水區之分布型單位歷線 i

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