臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用標準0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS製程技術製作微型熱電發電器，微型熱電發電器是由33組熱電偶串聯構成，透過摻雜形成p-type與n-type熱電偶；經估算熱電偶長度尺寸於長120 μm與寬8 μm時，具有最大輸出功率。微型熱電發電器的發電效率取決於熱電偶兩端的冷熱溫度差，因此為了防止冷端熱電偶的熱散失，於冷端熱電偶覆蓋二氧化矽層，以提供低導熱性與隔絕熱端熱源；並於熱端熱電偶結構連接金屬板，增加熱端部份的吸熱面積。利用Coventor ware與ANSYS模擬溫度分佈與懸浮結構的溫度梯度變化。模擬結果顯示具懸浮結構的發電器增加了0.64 K之溫度差異。微型熱電發電器需透過後製程處理來釋放懸浮結構，後製程採用非等向性乾蝕刻移除二氧化矽犧牲層與等向性乾蝕刻移除矽基板。實驗結果顯示熱電轉換效率於溫差達5 K時，有0.551%的熱能轉換電能效率，並於溫差達50 K時，有2.146%的熱能轉換電能效率。微型熱電發電器於溫差5 K時，輸出電壓為0.185 mV與輸出功率為1.07 μW；電壓因子為12.59 mV/K/cm2與功率因子為14.564 μW/K/cm2。

In this study, we present a micro thermoelectric generator fabricated by the standard 0.18 μm 1P6M (one polysilicon six metal) CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process. The micro thermoelectric generator is composed of 33 thermocouples in series, and the thermocouples are formed by p-type and n-type polysilicons. The dimensions of the thermocouples are 120 μm length and width 8 μm, which can generate the maximum output power. Micro thermoelectric generator efficiency depends on the temperature difference between hot and cold thermocouples. In order to prevent heat-receiving in the cold part of the thermocouples, the cold part is covered with a low thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide layer to insulate the heat source. The hot part of the thermocouples is suspended and connected to an aluminum plate, to increases the heat-receiving area. Coventor Ware and AMSYS are used to simulate temperature distribution of the suspended structure. The Simulated results show that the generator with suspended plate can increase the temperature difference of 0.64 K. The generator requires a post-CMOS process to release the suspended structures. The post-CMOS process uses an anisotropic dry etching to remove the oxide sacrificial layer and an isotropic dry etching to etch the silicon substrate. Experimental results show that the optimization efficiency of the generator is 0.551 % at the temperature difference of 5 K and 2.146 % at the temperature difference of 50 K. The experiments depict that the output voltage and output power of the micro generator are 0.185 mV and 1.07 μW, respectively, as the temperature difference is 5K. The voltage factor of the micro generator is 12.59 mV/K/cm2 and its power factor is 14.564 μW/K/cm2.

第一章 緒論................................................1
1.1 前言..................................................1
1.2 文獻回顧..............................................2
1.3 研究動機..............................................7
第二章 微型熱電發電器的設計................................9
2.1 微型熱電發電器的原理..................................9
2.2 微型熱電發電器的設計.................................11
2.3 微型熱電發電器的性能分析.............................12
2.4 微型熱電發電器之熱傳導模擬...........................21
第三章 微型熱電發電器的製作...............................28
第四章 量測結果與討論.....................................37
4.1 量測架構.............................................37
4.2 紅外線熱影像儀量測...................................42
4.3 微型熱電發電器的性能測試.............................46
第五章 結論與未來展望.....................................53
附錄A. 以乾蝕刻方式製作微型陣列式熱電發電器...............55
A.1 研究動機.............................................55
A.2 架構簡介.............................................55
A.3 模擬結果.............................................56
A.4 後製程流程...........................................59
A.5 量測結果與討論.......................................64
附錄B. 以濕蝕刻方式製作微型陣列式熱電發電器...............69
B.1 研究動機.............................................69
B.2 架構簡介.............................................69
B.3 模果.................................................70
B.4 後製程流程...........................................73
B.5 量測結果與討論.......................................77
參考文獻..................................................82

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