臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

十八世紀工業革命後，產業蓬勃發展造就經濟奇蹟，人們生活更
加便利，在此同時工業生產與人類生活大量排放溫室氣體，溫室氣體
排放已嚴重造成全球氣候異常，因此近年來許多研究利用各種技術捕
捉溫室氣體企圖改善日趨嚴重的全球暖化，在眾多被評估的技術中以
薄膜技術最具發展潛能。糧食是人類賴以生存最基本的要素，全球暖
化氣候異常將造成農業生產降低，產生另一威脅人類生存的糧食危機，
若能利用溫室氣體加速農作物生產，則可解決糧食危機並減緩暖化所
造成之氣候異常。近年薄膜分離技術越來越受到重視，因此我們希望
藉由薄膜技術來捕捉大氣中主要的溫室氣體二氧化碳，本研究製備二
氧化碳增濃薄膜，農業運用需供應大量之二氧化碳增濃空氣，因此本
研究製備複合薄膜確保提供足夠之氣體通量，原始PDMS/PSf 複合薄
膜之二氧化碳增濃效能無法達到促進農作物生長的要求標準(CO2 濃
度大於800ppm)，因此本研究透過UV/O3 表面處理及熱處理改質複合
薄膜表面，製備能滿足設定標準之二氧化碳增濃薄膜。研究結果顯示，
支撐材PSf 薄膜透過端二氧化碳濃度約為452ppm，薄膜氣體通量約
為44320GPU，經由塗佈PDMS 選擇層並調整交聯劑濃度、UV/O3 處
理時間及熱處理條件，改質的PDMS/PSf 複合薄膜，二氧化碳氣體通
量大幅降至2336GPU，不過二氧化碳濃度卻提升至814ppm。 FESEM、
FTIR、SEM-EDX、XPS、WCA 等鑑定被用來分析PDMS/PSf 複合薄
膜改質之機制，研究中亦將所製備之薄膜實際應用於溫室栽培農作物，
以證明增濃二氧化碳空氣促進農作物生長之效果，本研究結果顯示二
氧化碳增濃薄膜應用於促進農作物生長相當具有發展潛力。

After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, due to the extensive factory,
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) and
nitrogen oxides (NOX) were produced which have caused serious global climate and
affect the people’s lives. Therefore, many researchers have used various technologies
to capture the greenhouse gases to improve global warming.
Food is the most basic factor for human survival. Global warming climate
anomalies will reduce agricultural production and create another food crisis that
threatens human survival. In recent years, membrane separation technology has
received more and more attention. Therefore, we hope to use membrane technology to
capture carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide enriched air is used to promote the
photosynthesis of crops to accelerate the growth of crops and shorten the production
cycle of crops. Both food shortage and global warming can be solved by carbon dioxide
enrichment cultivation. In this study, carbon dioxide-enriched composite membranes
were prepared and used in agriculture to supply a large amount of carbon dioxide
concentrated air. The carbon dioxide concentration of the original PDMS/PSf
composite film is increased. But the efficiency cannot meet the requirements for
promoting the growth of crops (CO2 concentration is greater than 800ppm). So we use
different methods to modified the composite membrane.
The results show that the concentration of carbon dioxide in permeate of the support
PSf membrane is about 452 ppm, and the gas flux is about 44320 GPU. After coating
PDMS and adjusting the concentration of cross-linking agent, UV/O3 treatment time
and heat treatment conditions, the PDMS/PSf composite membrane, the CO2 gas flux
decrease to 2336 GPU, but the carbon dioxide concentration increased to 814 ppm.
FESEM, FTIR, SEM EDX, XPS, WCA, etc., were used to analyze the PDMS/PSf
composite membrane. In the study, the prepared film was actually applied to
greenhouse cultivation crops to prove that enriched carbon dioxide air promoted crops.
The results of this study show that carbon dioxide enrichment membrane has
considerable potential for the growth of crops.

目錄
摘要 ..................................................... I
Abstract ................................................. II
致謝……………………………………………………………………..III
目錄 .................................................... IV
圖索引………………………………………………………………….VI
表圖引 ................................................ VIII
第一章 緒論 .............................................. 1
1-1 薄膜的定義 ............................................ 1
1-2 薄膜分離技術 .......................................... 1
1-3 薄膜之型態 ............................................ 3
1.3.1 多孔薄膜 ............................................ 4
1.3.2 緻密薄膜 ............................................ 5
1.3.3 無機薄膜 ............................................ 6
1.3.4 有機/無機混合基質薄膜 ................................ 6
1-4 氣體分離膜 ............................................ 8
1-4-1 薄膜氣體透過理論 .................................... 9
1-4-2 多孔薄膜氣體透過理論 ............................... 10
1-4-3 緻密薄膜氣體透過理論 ............................... 12
1-5 複合薄膜 ............................................. 14
1-6 文獻回顧 ............................................. 16
1-6-1 二氧化碳捕捉 ....................................... 16
1-6-2 聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)薄膜 .......................... 17
1-6-3 二氧化碳增濃薄膜在農業之應用 ....................... 20
1-7 動機與目的 .......................................... 27
第二章 實驗 ............................................. 28
2-1 藥品與材料 ........................................... 28
2-2 儀器與設備 ........................................... 30
2-3 薄膜製備 ............................................. 31
2-3-1 基材薄膜製備 ....................................... 31
2-3-2 PDMS/PSf 複合薄膜製備 .............................. 31
2-3-2-1 PDMS 鑄膜液製備 .................................. 31
2-3-2-2 PDMS/PSf 複合薄膜之製備 .......................... 32
2-3-2-3 PDMS/PSf 改質複合薄膜之製備 ...................... 32
UV/O3 表面處理 .......................................... 32
V
2-4 薄膜與材料鑑定 ....................................... 34
2-4-1 全反射式傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(ATR-FTIR ) ........... 34
2-4-2 場發掃描式電子顯微鏡 (FE-SEM) ...................... 35
2-4-3 X 射線光電子能譜儀 (XPS) ........................... 36
2-4-4 薄膜表面親疏水之鑑定 (WCA) ........................ 36
2-4-5 原子力顯微鏡 (AFM) ................................ 37
2-4-6 氣體效能之測試 ..................................... 38
2-4-6-1 皂泡流量計 (Bubble flowmeter) ...................... 38
2-4-6-2 二氧化碳濃度偵測儀 (CO2 Meter) .................... 39
2-4-6-3 溫室種植設計 (Green house design) .................... 40
2-5 研究架構 ............................................. 40
第三章 結果與討論 ....................................... 41
3-1 薄膜材料對二氧化碳滲透端濃度與通量影響 ............... 41
3-2 製膜參數改變對複合薄膜二氧化碳滲透端濃度與通量之影響 . 43
3-2-1 不同刮膜厚度與UV/O3 處理時間PDMS /PSf 薄膜二氧化碳滲透
端濃度與通量影響 ........................................ 43
3-2-2 交聯劑濃度與UV/O3 處理時間對PDMS/ PSf 複合薄膜滲透端二
氧化碳濃度與通量影響 .................................... 50
3-3 製膜方式改變對二氧化碳滲透端濃度與通量影響 ........... 57
3-3-1 二次UV/O3 改質對PDMS/PSf 複合膜二氧化碳滲透端濃度與通
量影響 .................................................. 58
3-3-2 改變製膜方式對二氧化碳滲透端濃度與通量影響 ......... 59
3-4 溫室植物種植 ........................................ 60
第四章 結論 ............................................. 67
第五章 參考文獻 ......................................... 68
VI
圖索引
Fig 1-1 Scheme of the Symmetrical and asymmetrical membrane…..........4
Fig 1-2 Schematic separation mechanism of Solution-diffusion model for
dense membrane ………………………….................................8
Fig 1-3 Upper bound for CO2/CH4 separation 2008………………………9
Fig 1-4 Schemaric diagram of thin-film composite membrane…….........15
Fig 1-5 Synthesis of TES-MPEO and preparation of modified silicone
elastomer……………………………………………………...19
Fig 1-6 Scheme of PVP grafting modification on the outer surface of the
PAN hollow fiber-supported PDMS membrane........................20
Fig 1-7 Scheme of Plant factory…………………………………………22
Fig 1-8 Scheme of carbon dioxide concentration enhancement……........25
Fig 1-9 Scheme of Carbon dioxide enrichment machine………………...26
Fig 2-1 Schematic representation of gas permeation apparatus………….40
Fig 2-2 Schematic representation of carbon dioxide meter apparatus……40
Fig 2-3 Schematic representation of green house………………………..41
Fig 3-1 Effect of selective layer material on carbon dioxide permeance and
concentration in permeate of composite membrane.…………….43
Fig 3-2 Effect of membrane thickness on separation performance of
PDMS/PSf composite membrane………………………………..45
Fig 3-3 Effect of casting thickness on surface morphology of PDMS/PSf
composite membranes…………………………………………..46
Fig 3-4 Effect of casting thickness on cross-sectional morphology of
PDMS/PSf composite membranes…………………………...…46
Fig 3-5 Effect of UV/O3 treatment time on CO2 permeate concentration of
PDMS/PSf composite membranes…………………………........48
Fig 3-6 Effect of UV/O3 treatment time on CO2 permeance of PDMS/PSf
composite membranes…………………………………………...48
Fig 3-7 Surface morphology of PDMS/PSf composite membranes treated
in UV/O3 for different exposure time…………………………....49
Fig 3-8 Effect of UV/O3 treatment time on the surface roughness of
PDMS/PSf composite membranes……………………………....50
Fig 3-9 Effect of crosslinking agent concentration on CO2 concentration in
permeate of PDMS/PSf composite membranes…………….........51
Fig 3-10 Effect of crosslink agent concentration on CO2 permeance of
VII
PDMS/PSf composite membranes. (No UV/O3 treatment)……......52
Fig 3-11 Effect of crosslinking agent concentration on CO2 concentration
in permeate of treated PDMS/PSf membranes………………… 53
Fig 3-12 Effect of crosslinking agent concentration on CO2 permeance of
treated PDMS/PSf membranes……………………………….53
Fig 3-13 FTIR Spectra of the membranes………………………………56
Fig 3-14 FTIR Spectra of the membranes………………………………56
Fig 3-15 Effect of UV/O3 treatment time on water contact angle of
PDMS/PSf membranes………………………………………57
Fig 3-16 Effect of membrane thickness on CO2 separation performance of
UV-O3/100°C treated PDMS/PSf composite membranes……58
Fig 3-17 Effect of second UV/O3 treatment on CO2 separation performance
of PDMS/PSf composite membranes…………. ……………..59
Fig 3-18 Effect of UV/O3 treatment time on CO2 separation performance
of 100°C/UV-O3 treated PDMS/PSf membranes……………...60
Fig 3-19 Glebionis coronaria growth……………………………………62
Fig 3-20 Effect of different CO2 concentration on the growth of Glebionis
coronaria……………………………………………………...62
Fig 3-21 Effect of different CO2 concentration on the growth of Glebionis
coronaria……………………………………………………...63
Fig 3-22 Qingjiang cuisine growth……………………………………...64
Fig 3-23 Qingjiang cuisine growth……………………………………...65
Fig 3-24 Effect different CO2 concentration environment on the growth of
Qingjiang cuisine……………………………………………..66
Fig 3-25 Effect different CO2 concentration environment on the growth of
Qingjiang cuisine……………………………………………..66
Fig 3-26 Stability test of PDMS/PSf composite membranes.…………..67
VIII
表圖引
Table1-1 Development of membrane process[1]…………………………2
Table1-2 Membrane process and driving force[1]……………………….2
Table1-3 蔬菜生長之適溫、高溫與最低溫度[61]…………………...23
Table 3-1 Effect of UV/O3 treatment time on the surface roughness of
PDMS/PSf composite membrane…………………………….49
Table 3-2 Surface chemical compositions of untreated PDMS/PSf
membranes using different cross-linking agent concentration.53
Table 3-3 Surface chemical compositions of UV/O3 treated PDMS/PSf
membranes using different cross-linking agent concentratio...54
Table 3-4 XRD for modified PDMS/PSf composite membrane………..60

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