臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的主旨是利用黃藤製備陶瓷/金屬複合材料。首先將黃藤在Ar氣氛中經過碳化處理後，形成藤木炭，再將適量矽粉及鋁合金塊材與藤木炭一起放置在氧化鋁坩鍋裡，在高溫和保護氣體下，一次處理即合成碳化矽/鋁矽合金複合材料。 實驗結果發現，在反應溫度1500℃，可成功製備具黃藤結構之碳化矽。而此多孔性碳化矽是由直徑250μm、6-20μm、3μm等三種不同大小的連通孔洞所構成的。在1500℃持溫16小時合成的多孔性碳化矽，具有低密度(體密度為1.51g/cm3)，高孔隙率(開放性孔隙率為44±1％)，其比表面積為5.5m2/g，抗壓強度為44±2MPa，抗彎強度為13±5MPa。 溫度在1300℃~1500℃，初始鋁與矽的比例為Al-10at%Si、Al-20at%Si和Al-30at%Si的液相滲透試片，各有不同的液相滲透現象。越高溫及含矽量越少的試片越容易產生碳化鋁，實驗結果顯示最佳的滲透溫度為1400℃，成分為 Al-20at%Si。由試片密度結果顯示，在常壓液相滲透過程中，滲透量大致上會隨著滲透時間的增長而增加，但滲透時間3小時後，試片趨近於飽和。在滲透時間為5小時，其試片的體密度可達2.27 g/cm3，開放性孔隙率為19±1％，抗壓強度為316±5MPa，抗彎強度為138±5MPa，而觀察複合材料的破斷面是以沿晶破壞為主。

The purpose of this research is to fabricate ceramic/metal composite material from rattan. Rattan was first carbonized in Ar to form charcoal. Then proper amount of Si powder and pieces of aluminum alloy were put into the alumina crucibles with the charcoal. After heat-treatment in Ar and at high temperature, composites of silicon carbide/aluminum-silicon alloy could be obtained. The results of the experiments showed that silicon carbide with the structure of rattan could be produced after reaction at 1500. The porous ℃silicon carbide preserved the structure of the rattan and was made up of three kinds of interconnected holes with the diameters of 250µm, 6-20µm, and 3µm, respectively. The porous silicon carbide after heat-treatment at 1500 for 16℃ hours had bulk density 1.51g/cm3, open porosity 44±1%, specific surface area 5.5 m2/g, compressive strength 44±2MPa, and flexural strength 13±5 MPa. As for the fabrication of SiC/Al-Si composites, the heat-treatment temperatures ranged from 1300~1500.℃℃ The initial proportion of 2024 aluminum alloy and silicon ranged from Al-10at%Si to Al-30at%Si. During the high temperature reaction, Si reacted to form SiC and Si-Al alloy melted to infiltrate into the porous SiC. However, at higher temperature and less silicon concentration, aluminum carbide would form. The result of this research indicated that the proper conditions for SiC/Al-Si composite fabrication without noticeable aluminum carbide was 1400and Al℃-20at%Si. Under such conditions and heat-treatment for 5 hours, the bulk density of the sample was 2.27 g/cm3, the open porosity was 19±1%, the compressive strength was 316±5MPa and the flexural strength was 138±5MPa. Furthermore, it was also noted that intergranular fracture was the main feature of the composite material during fracture.

目錄
中文摘要Ⅰ
英文摘要Ⅲ
目 錄Ⅳ
圖目錄Ⅷ
表目錄IV

第一章 前言1
第二章 文獻回顧3
2-1 碳化矽的特性5
2-2 鋁矽合金材料之簡介8
2-2-1過共晶鋁矽合金10
2-3 金屬/陶瓷複合材料之簡介14
2-4 金屬/陶瓷複合材料製程15
2-5 常壓液相滲透法之原理18
2-6 碳化矽和鋁合金之界面反應23
第三章 實驗流程27
3-1 實驗規劃27
3–2 黃藤27
3–3 黃藤的碳化28
3–4 製備具黃藤結構之碳化矽陶瓷28
3-5 除碳31
3–6 滲透金屬31
3–7 一次熱處理製備具黃藤結構之碳化矽陶瓷/鋁合金複合材32
3–8 性質量測33
3-8-1 DTA-TGA分析33
3-8-2 試片之bulk density變化33
3-8-3阿基米得法測密度及開放性孔隙率33
3-8-4反應前後試片的真密度34
3-8-5計算滲透率34
3-8-6 X-ray 繞射分析35
3-8-7 SEM，光學顯微鏡顯微組織觀察、EDS成份分析35
3-8-8 TEM顯微組織觀察、電子束繞射36
3-8-9 抗壓強度測試36
3-8-10抗彎強度測試37
3-8-11破斷面微觀組織分析38
第四章 結果與討論39
4–1 藤木炭39
4-1-1TGA分析39
4-1-2XRD分析39
4-1-3 SEM分析40
4-1-4開放性孔隙及密度分析41
4-1-5抗壓強度測試41
4-2 多孔性碳化矽41
4-2-1 XRD分析41
4-2-2 SEM分析43
4-2-3 TEM分析43
4-2-4 開放性孔隙及密度分析44
4-2-5 抗壓強度測試44
4-3 滲透條件之選定44
4-4 滲透鋁矽金屬45
4-4-1 XRD分析45
4-4-2 OM、SEM和EDS分析46
4-4-3 開放性孔隙及密度分析47
4-4-4 抗壓強度分析47
4-4-5 抗彎強度分析48
4-4-6破斷面微觀組織分析49
第五章 結論83
参考文獻85

圖目錄
圖2 . 1 β-碳化矽結構圖[20]8
圖2 . 2 鋁合金系統12
圖2 . 3 鋁矽合金二相圖13
圖2 . 4 液體在固體表面的潤濕現象19
圖2 . 5 水平毛細管之流體示意圖22
圖2 . 6 1000℃的Al-C-Si三相圖[52]25
圖3 . 1以黃藤製作碳化矽之實驗流程29
圖3 . 2一次熱處理製備具黃藤結構之碳化矽陶瓷/鋁合金複合材料之實驗流程30
圖3 . 3 藤木炭與矽化合之示意圖31
圖3 . 4 一次熱處理常壓液相滲透製備碳化矽/鋁合金示意圖32
圖3 . 5彎曲測試示意圖38
圖4 . 1 黃藤之TGA圖51
圖4 . 2 黃藤之XRD圖52
圖4 . 3 藤木炭之SEM圖 ( a )~( d )為縱切面圖，( e )~( h )為橫截面圖53
圖4 . 4 藤木炭之應力應變圖54
圖4 . 5以石墨坩堝在1500℃不同反應時間製作碳化矽的XRD圖55
圖4 . 6以氧化鋁坩堝在1500℃不同反應時間製作碳化矽的XRY圖56
圖4 . 7.以石墨坩鍋製作碳化矽的反應時間對未反應碳百分比及重量增
加百分比之關係圖57
圖4 . 8 以氧化鋁坩鍋製作碳化矽的反應時間對未反應碳百分比及重量
增加百分比之關係圖58
圖4 . 9 以石墨坩堝製成碳化矽之SEM圖 ( a )、( b )為縱切面圖，
( c )、( d )為橫截面圖59
圖4 . 10 以氧化鋁坩堝製成碳化矽之SEM圖 ( a )、( b )為縱切面圖，
( c )、( d )為橫截面圖60
圖4 . 11 在1500℃反應16小時後之(a) TEM 照片，(b) 中央之選區繞射圖61
圖4 . 12 碳化矽之應力應變圖62
圖4 . 13為矽含量10at%，試片經1400℃滲透，滲透時間為(a)1 ，(b)3
，(c)5 ，(d)8小時試片之XRD圖64
圖 4 . 14、為矽含量20at%，試片經1小時滲透，滲透溫度為(a) 1000℃，
(b) 1100℃，(c) 1200℃，(d) 1300℃，(e) 1400℃，(f) 1500℃， 試片
之XRD圖65
圖 4 . 15、為矽含量30at%，試片經1小時滲透，滲透溫度為(a) 1100℃，
(b) 1200℃，(c) 1300℃，(d) 1400℃，(e) 1500℃，試片之XRd圖66
圖 4 . 16、為矽含量20at%，試片經1400℃滲透，滲透時間為(a)1，(b)3，
(c)5，(d)8小時試片之XRD圖67
圖4 . 17 試片經1400℃持溫1 小時滲透後之試片(a)(b)SEM圖及(c)EDS圖68
圖4 . 18 試片經1400℃持溫3 小時滲透後之試片(a)(b)SEM圖及(c)EDS圖69
圖4 . 19 試片經1400℃持溫5 小時滲透後之試片(a)(b)SEM圖及(c)EDS圖70
圖4 . 20藤木炭、具黃藤結構之多孔碳化矽與經1400℃持溫1、3、5小時
滲透鋁矽合金之試片之開孔隙率與滲透時間關係圖72
圖4 . 21 具黃藤結構之多孔碳化矽與經1400℃持溫1、3、5小時滲透鋁矽
合金試片之應力應變圖73
圖4 . 22 藤木炭、具黃藤結構之多孔碳化矽與經1400℃持溫1、3、5小時
滲透鋁矽合金之試片之抗彎強度74
圖4 . 23 (a)藤木炭、(b)具黃藤結構之多孔碳化矽與經1400℃持溫(c)1、
(d)3、(e)5小時滲透鋁矽合金之試片經抗彎測試之荷重-位移曲線圖75
圖4 . 24 開孔隙率對抗壓強度的影響77
圖4 . 25 開孔隙率對抗彎強度的影響(a)試片實驗值，(b)理論值78
圖4 . 26 具黃藤結構之碳化矽破斷面的(fracture toughness)SEI訊號圖79
圖4 . 27 滲透試片破斷面的(fracture surface)SEI訊號圖80
圖4 . 28 滲透試片破斷面的(fracture surface)OM圖82

表目錄
表 2 . 1 碳化矽的基本物理特性6
表 2 . 2 幾種常見的碳化矽晶體結構7
表 2 . 3 兩種碳化矽的基本物理特性7
表 2 . 4 鋁矽元素熱性質表[37]14
表 2 . 5 纖維材料與鋁合金的潤濕角[38] 17
表 3 . 1 2024鋁合金之組成32
表 3 . 2 Keller腐蝕液化學成分表36
表 4 . 1 黃藤的碳化過程之收縮率51
表 4 . 2 藤木炭的密度及開孔隙率54
表 4 . 3 碳化矽的密度及開孔隙率62
表 4 . 4 持溫時間為1小時，矽含量對可液相滲透溫度之關係63
表 4 . 5 Al-20%Si，1400℃液相滲透試片之密度、開孔隙率及滲透透71
表 4 . 6 藤木炭、具黃藤結構之多孔性碳化矽和滲透後試片之機械性質76

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