臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究進行兩個試驗，分別探討浮性飼料對中華鱉種鱉養殖之研究以及飼料中纖維含量對幼鱉成長之影響。試驗一探討種鱉浮性飼料，對鱉的飼養適口性、存活率、產蛋率及孵化率之影響，選用兩年半齡之中華鱉種鱉6000隻分6池，採2處理×3重複之試驗設計，每池1000隻。試驗場地為三和生技有限公司甲魚養殖場，2處理分別為對照組（濕性團料）以及處理組（浮性飼料）餵飼，經試驗期間10個月（2014/01/01-2014/10/31）後結果顯示，各組間適口性、產蛋率及孵化率均無顯著差異；餵飼浮性飼料組之存活率，顯著高於濕性團料之對照組（95.5 vs. 94.7%）。試驗二探討飼料中纖維含量對中華鱉幼鱉成長之影響，選用平均體重4.1g之中華鱉幼鱉，試驗飼料分別添加0（對照組）、4、8、12、16% 纖維素，共5組試驗組（F0, F4, F8, F12, F16），每組20重複，單隻個別飼養。飼料經實測之粗纖維含量，分別為3.88、7.35、11.72、15.46及19.42%，經過為期10週的餵飼試驗後，進行鱉體組成、血液參數、酵素活性等分析，結果顯示，各組之末重（finial weigh）、增重百分率（weight gain，WG）、蛋白質效率（protein efficiency ratio，PER）、飼料轉換率（feed conversion ratio，FCR）及存活率（survival rate）均無顯著差異；體組成、肝體比（HSI）其各組間亦無顯著差異；紅血球（RBC）、血紅素（Hb）各組間沒有顯著差異；血比容（Hct）以餵飼粗纖維19.42%的組別明顯高於餵飼粗纖維3.88、7.35%的組別；平均紅血球容積（MCV）、平均紅血球血紅素（MCH）及平均紅血球血紅素濃度（MCHC）各組間均無顯著差異；血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶（AST）的活性以粗纖維含量3.88%的組別顯著高於7.35、11.72、15.46及19.42%的組別。大腸絨毛高度以餵飼粗纖維15.46%的組別顯著高於11.72和19.42%的組別。綜合上述試驗結果，顯示以浮性飼料餵飼中華鱉種鱉，並不會降低適口性、產蛋率及孵化率，可以提高種鱉存活率；提高飼料中粗纖維含量，不會影響幼鱉的生長性能、體組成、血液性狀及健康情形。

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of expanded pellet diets on the culture of breeder soft-shelled turtles and the effects of dietary crude fiber levels on the growth parameters of juvenile soft-shelled turtles. In experiment 1, to test the expanded pellet diets for breeder soft-shelled turtles on palatability, survival rate, egg production, and hatchability. Six thousand breeder soft-shelled turtles at about two and half years of age were randomly allotted into 2 treatments × 3 replicates experimental design with 1000 breeder soft-shelled turtles in each pond. The two treatment groups were fed diets with either control group (wet diets) or treatment group (expanded pellet diets) for 10 months. Results indicated that no significant differences in palatability, egg production and hatchability were observed between the two groups. The results of survival rate were significantly higher in the treatment group than the control group (95.5 vs. 94.7%). In experiment 2, to test the crude fiber levels of juvenile soft-shelled turtle diets on the growth parameters. Juvenile soft-shelled turtles of mean body weight 4.1g were fed diets supplemented with 5 levels of crude fiber (0, 4, 8, 12, 16%) for 10 weeks, and the actual crude fiber contents were measured as 3.88, 7.35, 11.72, 15.46 and 19.42%. Each diet was fed to 20 juvenile soft-shelled turtles in individual plastic cans. After 10 weeks of feeding trial, body composition, blood parameters, enzyme activity analysis of the juvenile turtles were conducted. The results indicated that no significant differences in weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate, body composition, and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were observed between the testing groups. The results of blood parameters, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significantly different, however, the hematocrit (Hct) was significantly increased in the 19.42% crude fiber group than the 3.88 and 7.35% crude fiber groups. The results of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities was significantly increased in the 3.88% crude fiber group than the 7.35, 11.72, 15.46 and 19.42% crude fiber groups. The results of villus height of the large intestine was significantly increased in the 15.46% crude fiber group than the 11.72 and 19.42% crude fiber groups. The overall experimental results showed that the expanded pellet diets did not negatively impact the palatability, egg production and hatchability, however, increased survival rate of the breeder soft-shelled turtles. The crude fiber levels of juvenile soft-shelled turtles diets did not negatively impact on the growth parameters, body composition, blood analysis and healthy status of the juvenile soft-shelled turtles.

目錄
摘要.................................................I
Abstract...........................................III
謝誌.................................................V
目錄................................................VI
圖表目錄............................................IX
壹、前言.............................................1
貳、 文獻探討.....................................3
一、 中華鱉之分類與介紹............................3
二、 中華鱉養殖之現況..............................4
三、 飼料纖維之簡介................................5
（一） 纖維的定義..................................5
（二） 粗纖維與其他營養素的交互作用..................7
四、 纖維之特性....................................8
（一） 保水性......................................8
（二） 黏著度......................................8
（三） 陽離子交換力.................................8
（四） 膽酸(bile acid)的代謝........................8
五、 纖維對腸道的影響...............................9
（一） 對腸道組織的影響.............................9
（二） 對腸道營養的影響.............................9
（三） 對通過消化道所需時間的影響....................9
（四） 對腸道病變的影響.............................9
六、 纖維缺乏之症狀.................................9
七、 纖維的過多症..................................10
八、 水產飼料的種類與使用...........................10
參、材料與方法........................................13
一、 試驗一 浮性飼料對中華鱉種鱉養殖之研究...........13
（一） 試驗動物....................................13
（二） 飼料配製....................................13
（三） 飼養方法 ...................................15
（四） 試驗結束後樣品處理方式........................15
（五） 試驗分析項目.................................15
1. 飼料和體組成的一般成分分析....................15
2. 存活率......................................17
3. 產蛋率......................................18
4. 孵化率......................................18
（六） 統計分析.....................................18
二、 試驗二 飼料中纖維含量對幼鱉成長之影響............19
（一） 試驗動物 ....................................19
（二） 飼料配製 ....................................19
（三） 飼養方法 ....................................21
（四） 試驗結束後樣品處理方式........................21
（五） 試驗分析項目.................................21
1. 飼料和體組成一般成分分析......................21
2. 成長分析.....................................23
3. 血液分析.....................................25
4. 統計分析 ....................................26
5. 組織切片 ....................................26
6. 血清天門冬胺酸轉胺酶（AST）、丙胺酸轉胺酶（ALT）活
性測定.......................................27
肆、結果與討論..........................................28
一、 試驗一 浮性飼料對中華鱉種鱉養殖之研究.............28
（一） 飼料分析 ....................................28
（二） 適口性.......................................28
（三） 存活率.......................................31
（四） 產蛋率.......................................33
（五） 孵化率.......................................36
二、 試驗二 飼料中纖維含量對幼鱉成長之影響.............38
（一） 飼料分析......................................38
（二） 成長表現 .....................................40
（三） 體組成分析....................................42
（四） 血液分析 .....................................44
（五） 酵素活性分析..................................47
（六） 腸道絨毛觀察..................................49
伍、結論 .............................................51
陸、 參考文獻 .......................................53
柒、 附錄...........................................59
捌、 作者簡介.......................................64

 
圖表目錄
圖1 纖維素結構.........................................6
圖2 解剖前後幼鱉外觀及採樣.............................27
圖3 各池產蛋數量直條圖.................................34
圖4 種鱉浮性飼料組別與種鱉溼性團料的月產蛋總量...........35
圖5 中華鱉幼鱉小腸組織切片.............................50
圖6 中華鱉幼鱉小腸及大腸組織切片........................50
表1 浮性飼料對中華鱉種鱉養殖研究之試驗飼料配方...........14
表2 中華鱉飼料纖維含量研究之試驗飼料配方................20
表3 種鱉浮性飼料之一般成分分析.........................29
表4 市售鰻魚粉混和下雜魚調製濕性團料之一般成分分析.......30
表5 以不同飼料餵飼中華鱉種鱉10個月存活率的影響...........32
表6 浮性飼料與溼性團料孵化率結果........................37
表7 飼料中纖維含量試驗各組別飼料之一般成分分析...........39
表8 添加不同粗纖維含量飼料餵飼中華鱉幼鱉10週後之初重、末重、
增重百分率（WG）蛋白質利用率（PER）、飼料轉換率（FCR）、
存活率的影響......................................41
表9 添加不同粗纖維含量飼料餵飼中華鱉幼鱉10週後之體組成一般分
析、肝體比分析....................................43
表10 不同粗纖維含量飼料餵飼中華鱉幼鱉10週後之紅血球計數
（RBC）、血紅素濃度（Hb）及血球容積比（Hct）.........45
表11 不同粗纖維含量飼料餵飼中華鱉幼鱉10週後之平均紅血球容積
（MCV）、平均紅血球血紅素（MCH）及平均紅血球血紅素濃度
（MCHC）..........................................46
表12 不同粗纖維含量飼料餵飼中華鱉幼鱉10週後之血清天門冬胺酸轉
胺酶（AST）活性、丙胺酸轉胺酶（ALT）活性............48

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